Quiz about Biology Semester 1 Exam Review

Question 1

Which of the following is an inference?

Accepted Answer

The parachute falls at an angle due to a tear in its fabric.

Answer

The water bottle is made of stainless steel and has a plastic cap.

Answer

The balloon popped when a pen was pressed into it.

Answer

The roller coaster does not stay on its rails during the curve.

Question 2

Genetic engineering has positive benefits, such as making high yield production of crops more efficient which can help in solving world hunger. Alternatively, there are also concerns associated with widespread use of genetic engineering in agriculture.

Farmers are planting an exponentially greater amount of genetically modified crops that have increased tolerance to pests that used to kill them. What negative consequence could this practice have on agricultural crops?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the cultivation of these pest-tolerant plants that have been artificially selected can lead to a decrease in genetic variability.

Answer

Increasing the cultivation of these pest-tolerant plants that have been naturally selected can lead to an increase in genetic variability.

Answer

Increasing the cultivation of these pest-tolerant plants that have been artificially selected can lead to an increase in genetic variability.

Answer

Increasing the cultivation of these pest-tolerant plants that have been naturally selected can lead to a decrease in genetic variability.

Question 3

Which statement identifies what process is pictured below and how this process helps increase genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

The image displays crossing over which exchanges genetic information from parent chromosomes creating a novel genome.

Answer

The image displays mitosis where chromosomes are duplicating making more genetic information available to offspring.

Answer

The image displays tetrads forming in meiosis where the mother and father's chromosomes pair up during the S phase.

Answer

The image displays crossing over where chromosomes fully swap sides and cross over the metaphase plate; thus exchanging all genetic information.

Question 4

Examine the recessive sex-linked pedigree diagram below and answer the following question.

What is the genotype of the person number 7?

Accepted Answer

XHXh

Answer

XHY

Answer

Hh

Answer

XHXH

Question 5

In roosters, black and white color are codominant. A black rooster is crossed with a white hen. Both parents are homozygous. What would be the outcome of this codominant cross?

Accepted Answer

100% speckled offspring

Answer

50% black offspring and 50% white offspring

Answer

100% gray offspring

Answer

75% black offspring and 25% white offspring

Question 6

Huntington's disease is an inherited disease that causes the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain. Huntington's disease has a broad impact on a person's functional abilities and usually results in movement and brain disorders. Most people with Huntington's disease develop signs and symptoms in their 30s or 40s, but the onset of the disease may be earlier or later in life. This disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion.

Imagine that you are a genetic counselor, and Individual A (in the pedigree above) is planning to have children with another individual diagnosed with Huntington's disease. This couple comes to you for advice.

What is a possible recommendation that you may give this individual regarding the probability that their child will have Huntington's disease?

Accepted Answer

"Be concerned. The probability of having a child with Huntington's disease may vary from 100% to 50%".

Answer

"Do not worry, the probability of having a child with Huntington's disease is 0%".

Answer

"You are taking a risk. The probability of having a child with Huntington's disease is 25%".

Answer

"Proceed with caution. The probability of having a child with Huntington's disease is 75%".

Question 7

During the S phase of interphase DNA synthesis occurs. The original strand of DNA nucleotides reads T-A-A-C-C-G-G-T-A

A new strand of DNA is made based off of the original strand and reads A-T-T-G-C-C-C-A-T

What are the possible long term implications of this new strand of DNA as it relates to the process of DNA synthesis and ultimately protein synthesis takes place?

Accepted Answer

The new strand of DNA has a point mutation. This mutation may create issues in the creation of a protein strand as the amino acid chain may be incorrectly formed.

Answer

The new strand of DNA was accurately copied. There should be no long term implications.

Answer

The new strand of DNA has a frameshift mutation. This mutation may create issues in the creation of a protein strand as the amino acid chain may be incorrectly formed.

Answer

The new strand of DNA has a point mutation. This mutation will not create issues in the future because the original DNA strand, not the new strand of DNA, will be used to make future DNA and mRNA strands in protein synthesis.

Question 8

What is the significance of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Provide the cell's genetic code to daughter cells.

Answer

Ensure that proteins are synthesized.

Answer

Provide the cell a chance to adapt to environmental changes.

Answer

Ensure that environmental conditions are conducive to cell division.

Question 9

If a DNA molecule is found to be composed of 30% thymine, what percentage of guanine would be expected?

Accepted Answer

20%

Answer

10%

Answer

30%

Answer

40%

Question 10

Mutations can occur during mitosis and meiosis. Which of the following statements about mutations is true?

Accepted Answer

DNA mutations within a body cell can cause the cell to produce a protein that does not function.

Answer

DNA mutations of a gamete affects the body cells of the individual that produced the gamete

Answer

DNA mutations of body cells cannot affect the individual in which they happen.

Answer

DNA mutations of body cells can cause the offspring to produce a protein that does not function.

Question 11

A picture of the child's karyotype is shown below. Analyzing chromosome set #21, the geneticist determines that this child has inherited a genetic disorder known as Down's Syndrome.

Which is the BEST explanation that the geneticist can conclude as the most probable cause?

Accepted Answer

One member of the couple underwent a chromosomal mutation during gamete formation, therefore one set of chromosomes (in either the sperm or egg) did not properly separate before fertilization.

Answer

One member of the couple underwent a chromosomal mutation during somatic cell production.

Answer

The child inherited this genetic disorder from the mother, not the father.

Answer

Both parents underwent a chromosomal mutation during gamete formation, therefore both contributed to the transmission of Down's syndrome.

Question 12

Hemophilia is a blood disorder that is inherited from the parent(s). A child with this disorder will have issues with blood clotting when tissues are compromised. Without proper treatment or medication this condition could be fatal.

What type of cell must contain the mutation for Hemophilia if it is to be inherited by the child?

Accepted Answer

gamete cell

Answer

stem cell

Answer

cancer cell

Answer

somatic cell

Question 13

If the sequence of nucleotides, TAAGCGAAAGCA, goes through protein synthesis, assuming that there are no STOP codons, how many amino acids will be made?

Accepted Answer

4

Answer

3

Answer

9

Answer

12

Question 14

A DNA sequence within a gene reads G G A T G C C A T. When this gene is expressed during transcription, which of the following molecules could be made?

Accepted Answer

mRNA with the sequence C C U A C G G U A

Answer

DNA with the sequence G G A U G C C A U

Answer

rRNA with the sequence G G A T G C C A T

Answer

tRNA with the sequence C C T A C G G T A

Question 15

Which of the following is true of transcription?

Accepted Answer

An enzyme uses a DNA sequence as the template for building a molecule of RNA.

Answer

In eukaryotes, transcription takes place in the cytoplasm with the help of ribosomes.

Answer

Helicase and DNA Polymerase break each DNA molecule into many pieces, copy the pieces, and link them back together.

Answer

In prokaryotes, transcription takes place in the nucleus to create new DNA molecules.

Question 16

The codon table below can be used to predict the outcome of genetic sequences.

If a gene's DNA sequence reads TAC-TCC-GTG-ATT, what protein would be produced?

Accepted Answer

Met - Arg - His - Stop

Answer

Asn - His - Gly - Val

Answer

Stop - His - Arg - Met

Answer

Tyr - Ser - Val - Ile

Question 17

The codon table below can be used to predict the outcome of genetic sequences.

If an amino acid sequence reads Met-Val-Ser, which of the following mRNA sequences could have encoded it?

Accepted Answer

AUG-GUA-UCC

Answer

GUA-AUG-CCU

Answer

UAC-CAU-AGG

Answer

TAC-CAT-AGG

Question 18

A parent cell that contains 48 chromosomes goes through meiosis. Calculate the following:
- How many chromosomes are in each daughter cell at the end of Telophase I?
- How many chromosomes are in each daughter when meiosis is complete?
- Are the daughter cells diploid or haploid when meiosis is complete?

Accepted Answer

24 chromosomes; 24 chromosomes; haploid (n)

Answer

48 chromosomes; 96 chromosomes; diploid (2n)

Answer

24 chromosomes; 28 chromosomes; diploid (2n)

Answer

48 chromosomes; 24 chromosomes; haploid (n)

Question 19

Many organisms reproduce sexually while others reproduce asexually. Which process below would be MOST advantageous for a species during extreme environmental changes and why?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis, as this process increases genetic variation. Genetic variation assists the survival of the species because it increases the probability that there is an individual who can survive.

Answer

Mitosis, as this process creates more mutations. Genetic mutations create variety in the gene pool and ensure the survival of the species.

Answer

Mitosis, as this process creates more daughter cells. Thus, it is more likely that at least some of the offspring will survive. More daughter cells assists the survival of the species.

Answer

Meiosis, as this process is quick and can create more offspring in a shorter amount of time. Thus, it is more likely that at least some of the many offspring will survive. More offspring ensures the survival of the species.

Question 20

Which row in the chart below indicates the correct process for each event indicated?

Accepted Answer

row 4

Answer

row 1

Answer

row 2

Answer

row 3

Question 21

A disease known as cancer occurs when the immune system cells fail to recognize and destroy corrupted body cells.

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about cancer?

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells stop moving through the four phases of the cell cycle, which make them efficient and difficult to destroy.

Answer

Cancer cells lack the ability to control growth and reproduction of the cell.

Answer

Gene mutations cause uncontrolled cell growth in the cell cycle.

Answer

Cancer cells replicate again and again, eventually taking over healthy cells and tissues.

Question 22

A person with a long history of smoking two packs of cigarettes a day visits a medical doctor. A Computed Tomography (CT) Scan of his lungs reveals a mass accumulation (tumor) of cells as depicted in Figure A on his lower left lobe. The right lobe does not have this mass, as depicted in Figure B. After further testing, the doctor determines that indeed the mass represents cancerous tissue.

What is a possible explanation as to why cancerous tissue developed in the left lungs and not on the right side?

Accepted Answer

Carcinogens, such as chemicals found in cigarettes, have caused mutations that affect cell division in cells of the left lung; the same mutations have not occurred in the right lung.

Answer

Carcinogens, such as chemicals found in cigarettes, have caused mutations preventing cells in the right lung from dividing; the same mutations have not occurred in the left lung.

Answer

Carcinogens, such as chemicals found in cigarettes, have caused an increase in the volume of the cells in the left lung; the size increases have not occurred in the right lung.

Answer

Carcinogens, such as chemicals found in cigarettes, have caused mutations that increase cell growth in cells of the right lung; the same mutations have not occurred in the left lung.

Question 23

Which of the following describes an event that results from mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell

Answer

Daughter cells that are genetically different from the parent cell

Answer

Four daughter cells that are produced from each parent cell

Answer

Two stages of nuclear division

Question 24

The diagram below shows two strawberry plants.

Plant 2 is produced asexually from Plant 1. If the leaf cells of Plant 1 have 56 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be found in the leaf cells of Plant 2?

Accepted Answer

56

Answer

14

Answer

28

Answer

112

Question 25

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the lipid bilayer in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Lipids attract water on both sides of the bilayer.

Answer

Lipid-soluble material cannot pass through a lipid bilayer.

Answer

Proteins distributed along the bilayer can allow water to pass through the membrane.

Answer

Proteins can only transport uncharged particles through the lipid bilayer.

Question 26

The diagram shows a section of a cell membrane that includes a channel protein. The function of this protein is to ______,

Accepted Answer

allow certain substances to enter or leave the cell

Answer

connect reproductive cells during fertilization

Answer

strengthen the outer boundary of the cell

Answer

exchange organelles or chromosomes between specialized cells

Question 27

At what point in the process of diffusion is dynamic equilibrium reached?

Accepted Answer

when there is continuous movement but no change

Answer

when the molecules are mixed and stop moving

Answer

when the movement of the molecules stops being random

Answer

when the rate of change in the solution slows by one half

Question 28

What types of materials are expelled from cells during exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

large molecules such as hormones

Answer

positive and negative ions

Answer

small molecules such as carbon dioxide

Answer

water and glycerol

Question 29

A scientist at the polar ice cap was studying an ice sample from hundred of meters below the surface. While examining the ice, the scientist found some cells from many years ago. Using an electron microscope, the scientist identified these cell structures: a cytoskeleton, mitochondrion, nucleus, cell wall, and ribosomes. What kind of organism did the scientist find?

Accepted Answer

plant

Answer

animal

Answer

bacteria

Answer

He did not have enough information.

Question 30

Which of the cells characterized in the chart below is a prokaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Cell C

Answer

Cell A

Answer

Cell B

Answer

Cell D

Question 31

Which statement best describes what enzymes do?

Accepted Answer

They influence the rate of chemical reactions.

Answer

They become the building blocks of polymers.

Answer

They slow down the rate of breathing.

Answer

They speed up the conduction of impulses along a nerve cell.

Question 32

Carbohydrates are a type of biological macromolecules required to carry out life functions. Which of the following statements regarding carbohydrates is true?

Accepted Answer

They are used by living things as the main source of energy.

Answer

They are constructed from fatty acids and glycerol.

Answer

They are made of monomers called amino acids.

Answer

They are not used for structural support in living organisms.

Question 33

Proteins are one of four classes of biological macromolecules. Which of the following statements regarding proteins is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

Proteins have only one specific role - to regulate the rate of biochemical reactions.

Answer

Amino acids are the building blocks of all the proteins within all living organisms.

Answer

Amino acids are the building blocks of all the proteins within all living organisms.

Answer

Protein building blocks have a carboxyl group on one end and an amino acid on the other.

Question 34

A scientist analyzing an unknown substance has determined that it consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. During experimentation, she determines that the substance is soluble in oil but not in water. Which of the following macromolecules is the unknown substance most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Answer

Carbohydrate

Answer

Protein

Answer

Nucleic Acid

Question 35

Which of the following best describes the function of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids contain the genetic code for protein synthesis.

Answer

Nucleic acids are used as the building blocks of proteins.

Answer

Nucleic acids inhibit and stop the flow of biochemical reactions.

Answer

Nucleic acids inhibit and stop the flow of biochemical reactions.

Question 36

How does an enzyme influence a biological reaction?

Accepted Answer

It decreases the activation energy necessary to initiate the chemical change.

Answer

It increases the net energy difference between reactants and products.

Answer

It increases the kinetic energy of reactants, thereby increasing their tendency to collide.

Answer

It decreases the kinetic energy of reactants, enabling them to undergo chemical change more easily.

Question 37

The stomach contains an enzyme known as gastric protease that assists in breaking down of nutrients. The small intestine contains an enzyme known as intestinal protease that assists in the absorption of dissolved nutrients. Utilizing the graph shown below, what effect if any would entering the small intestine have on the action of gastric protease?

Accepted Answer

Action would decrease until the enzyme breaks down.

Answer

Action would increase until end of the digestive tract.

Answer

Action would increase at first and then decrease slowly.

Answer

Action would remain the same throughout the reaction.

Question 38

Analyze the graph pictured below.

What is the estimated optimum pH at which this enzyme functions?

Accepted Answer

7

Answer

2

Answer

4

Answer

10

Question 39

When trees pull water in through their roots, they must then move the water up to their leaves in order to carry out photosynthesis. Since the water molecules cling to each other and to the inner surface of the xylem, the water can pull itself up through the tree by capillary action.

Which property of water molecules allows them to cling together?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules are slightly polar molecules.

Answer

Water molecules have an odd number of atoms.

Answer

Water molecules have covalent atomic bonds.

Question 40

Which is NOT a property of water?

Accepted Answer

becomes more dense when freezing

Answer

high heat capacity

Answer

universal solvent

Answer

high surface tension

Biology Semester 1 Exam Review

56 questions

A research team performs a study to investigate how the color of light affects the growth of a plant.

Which statement correctly lists the independent variable and the dependent variable?

Which of the following is an inference?

Dolly the sheep was the first mammal cloned from of a single ancestral organism.

What impact does this technology MOST LIKELY have on our society today?

Using genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has both positive and negative consequences. An example of a GMO is a genetically modified plant that has genes that make it toxic to insect pests.

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of using these genetically modified plants on large farms?

Widow's peak (W) is dominant to no widow's peak (w). A woman who is homozygous and has a widow's peak marries a man who is heterozygous for widow's peak. What is the probable genotypic ratio of their children?

Which statement identifies what process is pictured below and how this process helps increase genetic variation?

Create a free account and access millions of resources

Popular Resources on Wayground

Discover more resources for Science

Biology Semester 1 Exam Review

56 questions

A research team performs a study to investigate how the color of light ​affects the growth of a plant.Which statement correctly lists the independent variable and the dependent variable?

Which of the following is an inference?

Dolly the sheep was the first mammal cloned from of a single ancestral organism.What impact ​does this technology ​MOST LIKELY have on our society today?

Using genetically modified organisms (GMOs) ha​s both positive and negative consequences. An example of a GMO is a genetically modified plant that has genes that make it toxic to insect pests. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of using these genetically modified plants on large farms?

Widow's peak (W) is dominant to no widow's peak (w). A woman who is homozygous ​and has a widow's peak marries a man who is heterozygous for widow's peak. What is the probable genotypic ratio of their children?

Which statement identifies what process is pictured below and how this process helps increase genetic variation?

Create a free account and access millions of resources

Popular Resources on Wayground

Discover more resources for Science

A research team performs a study to investigate how the color of light affects the growth of a plant.

Which statement correctly lists the independent variable and the dependent variable?

Dolly the sheep was the first mammal cloned from of a single ancestral organism.

What impact does this technology MOST LIKELY have on our society today?

Using genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has both positive and negative consequences. An example of a GMO is a genetically modified plant that has genes that make it toxic to insect pests.

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of using these genetically modified plants on large farms?

Widow's peak (W) is dominant to no widow's peak (w). A woman who is homozygous and has a widow's peak marries a man who is heterozygous for widow's peak. What is the probable genotypic ratio of their children?