What is a defining characteristic of qualitative research?

• It focuses on numerical data.

• It aims to explore meaning and experiences in depth.

• It relies on experimental manipulation.

• It prioritizes replicability over context.

Which of the following best describes a case study?

• It involves controlled manipulation of variables.

• It is a detailed examination of a single individual, group, or event.

• It only uses numerical data for analysis.

• It always involves random sampling.

What is an advantage of naturalistic observation?

• It allows for strict control over variables.

• It captures genuine behavior in real-life settings.

• It ensures quick data collection.

• It relies exclusively on verbal reports.

In semi-structured interviews, researchers use:

• Only pre-determined closed-ended questions.

• A completely unstructured approach to questioning.

• A combination of pre-set questions and open-ended follow-ups.

• Questions determined solely by participant feedback.

A key limitation of unstructured interviews is:

• They lack flexibility.

• They may be difficult to replicate due to their open-ended format.

• They rely entirely on numerical data.

• They prevent rapport-building with participants.

Focus group interviews are useful because they:

• Minimize participant interaction.

• Promote discussion and interaction among participants.

• Avoid the possibility of groupthink.

• Always eliminate researcher bias.

Which of the following qualitative research methods provides the most ecological validity?

• Semi-structured interviews

• Naturalistic observation

• Focus group interviews

• Laboratory experiments

In a case study, triangulation is commonly used to:

• Ensure a large sample size.

• Reduce researcher bias and increase credibility.

• Test the effect of variables experimentally.

• Generalize findings to larger populations.

One disadvantage of focus group interviews is:

• The inability to gather rich data.

• The potential for conformity or groupthink among participants.

• The lack of social interaction among participants.

• The strict adherence to pre-determined questions.

Which qualitative research method would best allow a researcher to explore sensitive personal experiences in depth?

• Focus groups

• Semi-structured interviews

• Case study

• Naturalistic observation