Holocaust Quiz

Which important principle was established as a result of the Nuremberg trials?

• Defeated nations have no rights in international courts of law.

• Individuals can be held accountable for “crimes against humanity.”

• Soldiers must follow the orders of their superiors.

• Aggressor nations must pay war reparations for damages caused during wars.

A major result of the Nuremberg trials after World War II was that

• Germany was divided into four zones of occupation

• the United Nations was formed to prevent future acts of genocide

• the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was established to stop the spread of communism

• Nazi political and military leaders were held accountable for their actions

Base your answer to the question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.

The German people were never more pitiable than when they stood by and watched this thing done. For the raiders who were let loose on the streets and given a day to sate [indulge] the lowest instincts of cruelty and revenge were indeed an enemy army. No foreign invader could have done more harm. This is Germany in the hour of her greatest defeat, the best overcome by the worst. While many protested at the outrages, and millions must have been sickened and shamed by the crimes committed in their name, many others looked on stolidly or approvingly while the hunters hunted and the wreckers worked. There are stories of mothers who took their children to see the fun… 

— New York Times, November 12, 1938

This 1938 passage criticizes those German people who did not

• resist the war effort

• support the government’s policy in Austria

• participate in these demonstrations

• condemn the violent acts of Kristallnacht

Base your answer to the question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.

… War criminals and those who have participated in planning or carrying out Nazi enterprises involving or resulting in atrocities or war crimes shall be arrested and brought to judgment. Nazi leaders, influential Nazi supporters and high officials of Nazi organizations and institutions and any other persons dangerous to the occupation or its objectives shall be arrested and interned.…

— Protocol of the Proceedings, Potsdam Conference, August 1945

This agreement made at the Potsdam Conference led directly to the

• announcement of the Truman Doctrine

• division of Germany into occupation zones

• creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

• trials in Nuremberg, Germany

The post–World War II trials held by the Allied powers in Nuremberg, Germany, and in Japan set an international precedent by

• placing blame only on civilian leaders

• forcing nations to pay for war damages

• returning conquered territories to their peoples

• holding individuals accountable for their war crimes

In which pair of events is the second event a response to the first?

• Holocaust // Nuremberg War Crimes trials

• Germany’s invasion of Poland // Munich Conference

• Truman Doctrine // D-Day Invasion

• Manhattan Project // Lend-Lease Act

One reason the Nuremberg trials following World War II were held was to

• bring Hitler, Mussolini, and Tojo to justice

• force Japan to pay for the attack on Pearl Harbor

• make German leaders accountable for the Holocaust

• punish the German government for bombing England