It's a Match!

What is a DNA match according to the passage?

• A complete match of the whole DNA genome

• A count of short tandem repeats at specific locations on the genome

• A match of identical twins' DNA

• A match of visible traits like hair color

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

• 23 pairs

• 46 pairs

• 13 pairs

• 10 pairs

What are Short Tandem Repeats (STRs), and where are they located in the DNA structure?

Answer explanation

STRs as repeating sequences of 2-6 base pairs in non-coding regions of DNA, used in genetic profiling.

What is a DNA profile?

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is the difference between CODIS and UK National DNA Database? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

• Both databases are managed by the same organization.
• The CODIS database uses STR at 10 places, and the UK National DNA database uses STR at 13 places.

• CODIS is UK-based; NDNAD is U.S.-based.
• CODIS is U.S.-based; NDNAD is UK-based.
• The CODIS database uses STR at 13 places, and the UK National DNA database uses STR at 10 places.

Why is a DNA profile based on STRs not a complete match of the entire genome?

Discuss why STR markers are considered independent.

How are allele frequencies used to calculate the probability of a DNA match?

• Allele frequencies are irrelevant to DNA matching.
• DNA matches are determined solely by physical appearance.
• Probability of a DNA match is based on the number of alleles present.
• Allele frequencies are used to estimate the probability of a DNA match by calculating the likelihood of randomly selecting an individual with the same allele combination.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-3

What is the Prosecutor's Fallacy as described in the passage?

• Misinterpreting the match probability as the probability of innocence

• Assuming DNA evidence is always conclusive

• Believing identical twins have different DNA

• Thinking DNA profiles are visible traits

What is the likelihood ratio used for in DNA evidence assessment?

• To measure the impact of the evidence

• To determine the exact DNA match

• To identify visible traits

• To calculate the number of chromosomes

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-3