What is a process in an operating system?

• A passive entity stored on disk

• A program in execution

• A data structure in the PCB

• A shared memory block

Which of the following is NOT a state of a process?

• Ready

• Terminated

• Waiting

• Distributed

What does a Process Control Block (PCB) NOT contain?

• Process state

• Scheduling information

• Network configuration

• Memory management information

Which system call creates a new process in Unix?

• exec()

• fork()

• wait()

• exit()

In process scheduling, what is the purpose of the ready queue?

• Hold processes waiting for I/O operations

• Store terminated processes

• Maintain processes ready for CPU execution

• Synchronize interprocess communication

Which IPC model uses shared variables for communication?

• Message Passing

• Shared Memory

• RPC

• Sockets

What does the send() function do in message-passing systems?

• Receives a message from a process

• Sends a message to another process

• Creates a new process

• Synchronizes process execution

In which communication model are mailboxes used?

• Direct communication

• Indirect communication

• Shared memory

• RPC

What is the primary advantage of threads over processes?

• Easier implementation

• Better resource sharing

• Reduced execution speed

• Increased process creation overhead

What is multithreading?

• Running multiple processes simultaneously

• Running multiple threads in a single process

• Executing tasks in a distributed system

• Running multiple kernels on a CPU