Hypothesis Tests

Front

What is a null hypothesis (H₀)?

Back

The null hypothesis (H₀) is a statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it serves as the default assumption in hypothesis testing.

Front

What is an alternative hypothesis (Hₐ)?

Back

The alternative hypothesis (Hₐ) is a statement that indicates the presence of an effect or a difference, and it is what the researcher aims to support.

Front

How do you state a null and alternative hypothesis for a mean test?

Back

For a mean test, the null hypothesis is typically stated as H₀: μ = μ₀ (where μ₀ is the hypothesized mean), and the alternative hypothesis can be Hₐ: μ > μ₀, Hₐ: μ < μ₀, or Hₐ: μ ≠ μ₀ depending on the research question.

Front

What is a one-sample z-test?

Back

A one-sample z-test is a statistical test used to determine whether the mean of a single sample is significantly different from a known population mean.

Front

What is the formula for the z-test statistic?

Back

Front

What does a p-value represent in hypothesis testing?

Back

The p-value represents the probability of obtaining a test statistic at least as extreme as the one observed, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.

Front

What is the significance level (α) in hypothesis testing?

Back

The significance level (α) is the threshold for rejecting the null hypothesis, commonly set at 0.05 or 0.01.

Front

What does it mean if the p-value is less than α?

Back

If the p-value is less than α, it indicates that the observed data is statistically significant, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis.

Front

What is a Type I error?

Back

A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected when it is actually true.

Front

What is a Type II error?

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A Type II error occurs when the null hypothesis is not rejected when it is actually false.