Earth Science: Chapter 2 Test Systems of Matter and Energy

1. Which process best describes the transfer of heat through the collision of atoms or molecules in a substance?

• Radiation
• Conduction
• Convection
• Albedo

2. What distinguishes isotopes of the same element?

• Number of protons
• Number of electrons
• Number of neutrons
• Atomic mass

3. Which term best describes the process by which Earth formed through the gradual buildup of smaller rocky bodies?

• Radiation
• Conduction
• Convection
• Accretion

4. What is the primary driver of convection in Earth's mantle?

• Density differences
• Magnetic fields
• Solar radiation
• Tectonic activity

5. What are the 5 characteristics of a mineral ?

6. Which of the following is NOT one of the five properties of a mineral?

• Occurs naturally
• Inorganic
• Liquid
• Has a specific chemical composition
• Has a definite crystalline structure

7. Which formula is the correct formula for respiration ?

• glucose + oxygen --> glucose + water
• glucose + oxygen -->carbon dioxide + water
• carbon dioxide + water --> glucose + oxygen
• carbon dioxide + water --> carbon dioxide + oxygen

8. Why is water considered a mineral only in its solid state?

• Because it has a definite crystalline structure as a solid
• Because it exists in all three states in nature
• Because it can dissolve many substances
• Because it can condense at Earth temperatures

9. A mineral scratches topaz but not corundum. What can be concluded about this mineral's hardness?

• It is likely a diamond
• It has a hardness between 8 and 9 on the Mohs scale
• It is softer than most minerals
• It has weak atomic bonds

10. Which process in the rock cycle transforms sedimentary or igneous rocks into metamorphic rocks?

• Melting
• Cooling
• Heat and pressure
• Weathering and erosion
• Compaction and cementation