Molecular Biology Concepts and Processes

Phosphate, nitrogen base, and deoxyribose makes up?

• Carbohydrate
• Amino acid
• Fatty acid
• Nucleotide

What makes up DNA structure?

• DNA consists of ribonucleic acid and lipids.
• DNA is formed from glucose and fatty acids.
• DNA is made up of nucleotides, which consist of a phosphate group, a sugar, and nitrogenous bases.
• DNA is made up of amino acids and proteins.

How are proteins made?

• Proteins are formed through the process of photosynthesis.
• Proteins are synthesized directly from glucose in the bloodstream.
• Proteins are made by mixing carbohydrates and fats.
• Proteins are made through transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

DNA _____ in the nucleus

• stays

• leaves

• destroys

• synthesis

RNA _____ in the nucleus

• leaves

• stays

• synthesis

• changes

Compare DNA and RNA

• DNA is double-stranded stores genetic information; RNA is single-stranded and helps in protein synthesis

• DNA is found in the cytoplasm; RNA is found in the nucleus.
• DNA contains uracil; RNA contains thymine.
• DNA is single-stranded and contains ribose; RNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose.

How are proteins synthesized

• Proteins are synthesized through transcription of DNA to mRNA followed by translation of mRNA to amino acids.
• Proteins are synthesized only in the mitochondria of the cell.
• Proteins are synthesized directly from amino acids without any genetic instructions.
• Proteins are synthesized by converting carbohydrates into proteins through a chemical reaction.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

How does tRNA look?

• tRNA has a t-shape and an amino acid attachment site.

• tRNA consists of a single loop with no attachment site.
• tRNA has a spiral structure resembling a helix.
• tRNA is a linear molecule with no loops.

The original RNA sequence reads: CAC UAU GCG. A mutation occurs and mutates the mRNA to CAC UAU GCA. What type mutation effect occurs?

• Missense mutation
• Frameshift mutation
• Silent mutation
• Nonsense mutation

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A substitution mutation is considered what type of mutation?

• Point mutation
• Deletion mutation
• Insertion mutation
• Frame shift mutation

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2