Causation vs. Correlation

Front

What is causation?

Back

Causation refers to a relationship where one event (the cause) directly affects another event (the effect). For example, increasing exercise leads to weight loss.

Front

What is correlation?

Back

Correlation is a statistical measure that describes the extent to which two variables change together. It does not imply causation.

Front

What is a positive correlation?

Back

A positive correlation occurs when two variables move in the same direction. For example, as study time increases, grades tend to increase.

Front

What is a negative correlation?

Back

A negative correlation occurs when two variables move in opposite directions. For example, as the amount of exercise increases, weight may decrease.

Front

What is an example of causation?

Back

The number of minutes spent exercising and the amount of calories burned.

Front

What is an example of correlation that is not causation?

Back

A student's GPA and their daily milk consumption.

Front

What does it mean if there is no correlation?

Back

No correlation means there is no relationship between two variables. For example, the age of a child and the amount of pets owned.

Front

How can you identify causation?

Back

Causation can often be identified through controlled experiments where one variable is manipulated to observe changes in another.

Front

What is the difference between causation and correlation?

Back

Causation indicates a direct cause-and-effect relationship, while correlation indicates a relationship without implying that one causes the other.

Front

What is an example of a positive correlation?

Back

The temperature and the number of ice creams sold.