Understanding Motion and Forces

Which of the following best describes natural motion according to Aristotle?

• Motion that requires an external force to occur.

• Motion that occurs without any external force.

• Motion that is caused by friction.

• Motion that is circular and uniform.

How did Copernicus' heliocentric model simplify the understanding of planetary motion?

• By placing Earth at the center of the universe.

• By suggesting that planets move in perfect circles.

• By assuming that Earth and other planets orbit the sun.

• By eliminating the need for epicycles in planetary orbits.

Explain how Galileo's concept of motion differed from Aristotle's.

• Galileo believed that motion required a constant force, unlike Aristotle.

• Galileo argued that friction is necessary for motion, contrary to Aristotle.

• Galileo suggested that a force is only needed to change the state of motion, unlike Aristotle.

• Galileo thought that all motion is circular, unlike Aristotle.

According to Newton's first law, what happens to an object in motion if no unbalanced forces act on it?

• It will eventually come to a stop.

• It will continue moving at a constant speed in a straight line.

• It will change direction.

• It will accelerate.

How does mass relate to inertia according to Newton's laws?

• More mass means less inertia.

• More mass means more inertia.

• Mass does not affect inertia.

• Inertia is only affected by velocity, not mass.

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If a car is moving at a constant velocity on a frictionless surface, what can be inferred about the forces acting on it?

• There is a net force acting on the car.

• The forces are balanced, resulting in no net force.

• The car is accelerating.

• The car is decelerating.

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Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the law of inertia?

• A ball rolling down a hill and speeding up.

• A book sliding on a table and eventually stopping due to friction.

• A satellite orbiting Earth in a stable orbit.

• A car accelerating from a stoplight.

What reasoning did Galileo use to argue that a force is not needed to keep an object in motion?

• He observed that objects in motion tend to stop due to friction.

• He conducted experiments showing that objects continue moving unless acted upon by an external force.

• He believed that all motion is natural and does not require force.

• He used mathematical models to prove that motion is constant without force.

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Which of the following statements is consistent with Newton's first law of motion?

• An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by a balanced force.

• An object in motion will change its speed if no forces act on it.

• An object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by a nonzero net force.

• An object at rest will start moving if no forces act on it.

Consider a scenario where a spacecraft is moving in space far from any gravitational influences. What will happen to its motion if no external forces are applied?

• It will gradually slow down and stop.

• It will continue moving at a constant velocity.

• It will change direction randomly.

• It will accelerate indefinitely.

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