Understanding Memory and Learning Processes

What type of encoding emphasizes the meaning of words and is considered the deepest level of processing?

• Structural encoding

• Phonemic encoding

• Semantic encoding

• Automatic encoding

Which memory strategy involves breaking information into smaller units to aid in memory retention?

• Mnemonics

• Chunking

• Dual encoding

• Method of loci

What is the term for the phenomenon where recall decreases rapidly at first, then reaches a plateau?

• Testing effect

• Forgetting curve

• Encoding failure

• Serial position effect

Which type of memory is responsible for storing visual information for a brief period?

• Echoic memory

• Iconic memory

• Short-term memory

• Long-term memory

What is the term for the memory phenomenon where people remember the beginning and end of a list better than the middle?

• Primacy effect

• Recency effect

• Serial position effect

• Context dependent memory

Which type of reinforcement schedule is most resistant to extinction?

• Fixed ratio schedule

• Fixed interval schedule

• Variable ratio schedule

• Variable interval schedule

What is the term for the process of learning a response pairing in classical conditioning?

• Extinction

• Acquisition

• Generalization

• Discrimination

Which type of memory involves remembering to perform a task in the future?

• Episodic memory

• Semantic memory

• Prospective memory

• Procedural memory

What is the term for the phenomenon where new information blocks the retrieval of old information?

• Proactive interference

• Retroactive interference

• Encoding failure

• Source amnesia

Which part of the brain is primarily involved in the formation of emotional memories?

• Hippocampus

• Cerebellum

• Amygdala

• Frontal lobe