Understanding Mutations

Mr. Anderson discusses mutations, which are changes in DNA that can affect proteins and, consequently, organisms. He uses a recipe analogy to explain how mutations can alter outcomes. The video covers spontaneous and induced mutations, point mutations, and large-scale chromosomal changes, highlighting their potential impacts and the body's repair mechanisms.

What is the primary role of DNA in the cell?

• To store energy

• To transmit nerve signals

• To code for proteins

• To provide structural support

How can mutations be beneficial?

• They always cause diseases

• They can lead to genetic diversity

• They prevent cell division

• They eliminate harmful genes

In the recipe analogy, what does a point mutation represent?

• A removal of an ingredient

• An addition of a new ingredient

• A small change in the recipe

• A complete change in the recipe

What is a common cause of spontaneous mutations?

• Errors during DNA replication

• Exposure to sunlight

• Lack of exercise

• Consumption of unhealthy food

Which of the following is an example of an induced mutation?

• Genetic drift

• Natural selection

• Radiation exposure

• Strand slippage

What is a substitution mutation?

• A mutation where a segment is inverted

• A mutation where one base is replaced by another

• A mutation where a segment is duplicated

• A mutation where a segment is deleted

How do cells typically respond to substitution mutations?

• They delete the affected gene

• They ignore the mutation

• They repair the mutation

• They amplify the mutation

What is a deletion mutation?

• A mutation where a segment is added

• A mutation where a segment is lost

• A mutation where a segment is inverted

• A mutation where a segment is duplicated

Which mutation involves flipping a segment of DNA?

• Insertion

• Duplication

• Inversion

• Deletion

What is a translocation mutation?

• A mutation where a segment is moved to a different location

• A mutation where a segment is deleted

• A mutation where a segment is inverted

• A mutation where a segment is duplicated