Midterm Review 24 - 25

Radioactive decay is a heat source deep within Earth. How does this process affect motion within Earth?

• Density of molten rock decreases as its heated & this results in the rock being pushed above by material with a greater density

• Radioactive decay has no impact on Earth's internal motion.
• Radioactive decay cools the Earth's core, reducing tectonic activity.
• Radioactive decay only affects surface weather patterns.

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NGSS.HS-ESS2-1

NGSS.HS-ESS2-3

Which differences in properties of Earth’s crust and mantle are most responsible for tectonic activity?

• The uniform density of the crust and mantle.
• The differences in temperature and viscosity

• The high temperature of the crust compared to the mantle.
• The liquid state of the crust and solid state of the mantle.

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NGSS.HS-ESS2-3

Which layer of Earth makes up the smallest percentage of the planet’s mass?

• Crust
• Inner Core
• Outer Core
• Mantle

Which layer of Earth is the source of lava that erupts from volcanoes?

• Atmosphere
• Mantle/Asthenosphere

• Core
• Crust

Earth’s mantle, primarily composed of silicate and magnesium oxide rocks, floats on top of the liquid iron and nickel outer core. Which difference between these two layers of Earth resulted in their differentiation?

• Age

• Velocity

• Density

• Viscosity

List the evidence that supported Alfred Wegener’s theory of continental drift?

• The theory of evolution explains species diversity.
• 1. The fit of the continents (e.g., South America and Africa). 2. Fossil evidence (e.g., identical fossils found on different continents). 3. Geological similarities (e.g., mountain ranges and rock formations). 4. Paleoclimatic evidence (e.g., glacial deposits in now tropical regions).
• The Earth's core is made of liquid iron and nickel.
• Continents are fixed and do not move over time.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

What is the location of the youngest rock on the Atlantic ocean floor?

• Bermuda Triangle
• Caribbean Sea
• Gulf of Mexico
• closest to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

What causes the oceanic crust to be pushed under continental crust?

• oceanic crust is more dense than continental crust

• Ocean currents push the oceanic crust under the continental crust.
• The oceanic crust is lighter than the continental crust.
• The oceanic crust is older than the continental crust.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

The Himalayan mountain range is the result a ​ ​ (a)   plate colliding with a ​ (b)   plate at a ​ (c)   boundary

• continental
• convergent
• divergent
• oceanic

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

The Mariana islands are volcanic islands that form an arc. The island arc is located in the North Pacific Ocean. These islands were formed by converging tectonic plates. Describe the process that had to occur for the islands to form.

• The Mariana Islands were formed by the collision of two continental plates.
• The islands were created by volcanic eruptions from the ocean floor without tectonic activity.
• The Mariana Islands are remnants of ancient land bridges that have since submerged.
• The Mariana Islands were formed by melting of oceanic crust at subduction zones

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3