What is kinetic energy?

• The energy stored in an object due to its position.

• The energy an object has because of its motion.

• The energy that is lost when an object stops moving.

• The energy that can be created or destroyed.

Answer explanation

Kinetic energy is defined as the energy an object possesses due to its motion. This means that the correct choice is the one that states this relationship, distinguishing it from potential energy and other forms.

Which of the following factors does NOT affect the amount of kinetic energy an object has?

• The object's mass.

• The object's speed.

• The object's color.

• The object's direction of motion.

Answer explanation

Kinetic energy depends on mass and speed, as given by the formula KE = 1/2 mv². The object's color does not influence its kinetic energy, making it the correct choice that does NOT affect kinetic energy.

If a bowling ball has a mass of 5 kg and is moving at a speed of 2 m/s, what happens to its kinetic energy if the speed doubles?

• It remains the same.

• It doubles.

• It quadruples.

• It halves.

Answer explanation

Kinetic energy (KE) is calculated using the formula KE = 0.5 * mass * speed^2. If the speed doubles, the new KE becomes 0.5 * 5 kg * (2 m/s * 2)^2 = 4 times the original KE, hence it quadruples.

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy?

• A car parked on a hill.

• A book sitting on a shelf.

• A roller coaster descending from the top of a hill.

• A light bulb turned off.

Answer explanation

A roller coaster descending from the top of a hill best illustrates the conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy, as it loses height and gains speed during the descent.

How does the mass of an object affect its kinetic energy when the speed is constant?

• The kinetic energy decreases as mass increases.

• The kinetic energy is independent of mass.

• The kinetic energy increases as mass increases.

• The kinetic energy is inversely proportional to mass.

Answer explanation

Kinetic energy (KE) is given by the formula KE = 1/2 mv². When speed (v) is constant, an increase in mass (m) directly increases kinetic energy, confirming that kinetic energy increases as mass increases.

Which of the following is an example of energy transfer?

• A stationary ball on a table.

• A windmill converting wind energy into mechanical energy.

• A book lying on the floor.

• A car parked in a garage.

Answer explanation

A windmill converting wind energy into mechanical energy is an example of energy transfer, as it changes one form of energy (wind) into another (mechanical). The other options do not involve any energy transfer.

What happens to the kinetic energy of a bowling ball when it hits the pins?

• It is destroyed.

• It is transferred to the pins.

• It remains in the ball.

• It is converted into potential energy.

Answer explanation

When the bowling ball hits the pins, its kinetic energy is transferred to the pins, causing them to move. This transfer of energy is what allows the pins to fall, rather than the energy being destroyed or remaining in the ball.

Which of the following statements is true about energy in the universe?

• Energy can be created and destroyed.

• Energy can only be created.

• Energy can only be destroyed.

• Energy can be transferred or stored but not created or destroyed.

Answer explanation

The correct statement is that energy can be transferred or stored but not created or destroyed, aligning with the law of conservation of energy, which states that energy cannot be created or annihilated.

If two objects have the same mass but different speeds, how does their kinetic energy compare?

• The object with the higher speed has more kinetic energy.

• The object with the lower speed has more kinetic energy.

• Both objects have the same kinetic energy.

• Kinetic energy is not affected by speed.

Answer explanation

Kinetic energy is given by the formula KE = 1/2 mv². Since both objects have the same mass, the one with the higher speed (v) will have a greater kinetic energy due to the square of the speed being larger.

What is the role of a turbine in a dam?

• To store potential energy.

• To convert kinetic energy into mechanical energy.

• To create energy from nothing.

• To destroy excess energy.

Answer explanation

The turbine in a dam plays a crucial role by converting the kinetic energy of flowing water into mechanical energy, which can then be used to generate electricity. This process is essential for harnessing energy from water.