KMT & Matter

How does temperature affect the kinetic energy of particles in a substance?

• Kinetic energy is independent of temperature.

• Temperature directly affects the kinetic energy of particles; higher temperature means higher kinetic energy.

• Temperature has no effect on kinetic energy.

• Lower temperature increases kinetic energy.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

What are the three main states of matter?

• plasma, vapor, foam

• solid, liquid, plasma

• solid, liquid, gas

• gas, liquid, crystal

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Describe the characteristics of solids in terms of particle arrangement.

• Particles are arranged in layers and can flow like liquids.

• Particles are arranged randomly and have weak intermolecular forces.

• In solids, particles are closely packed in a fixed arrangement, vibrate in place, and are held together by strong intermolecular forces.

• Particles are loosely arranged and can move freely.

What is the process called when a solid turns directly into a gas, such as dry ice?

• Sublimation

• Evaporation

• Melting

• Condensation

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Define endothermic and exothermic processes with examples.

• Endothermic processes are always spontaneous; exothermic processes are never spontaneous.

• Endothermic processes absorb heat (e.g., melting); exothermic processes release heat (e.g., freezing).

• Endothermic processes release heat (e.g., freezing); exothermic processes absorb heat (e.g., melting).

• Endothermic processes occur in gases only; exothermic processes occur in liquids only.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

How does pressure affect the temperature of matter? (follow the line on the graph)

• As pressure increases, the temperature decreases.

• Pressure has no effect on the temperature.

• As pressure increases, the temperature increases.

• The temperature of matter always remains constant.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

What happens to the particles of a substance during a phase change?

• The particles remain unchanged during a phase change.

• The particles only change color during a phase change.

• The particles gain or lose energy, changing their movement and arrangement.

• The particles become larger and heavier without energy change.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

What is the significance of the melting point in the states of matter?

• The melting point is irrelevant to the behavior of solids and liquids.

• The melting point indicates the transition from solid to liquid, reflecting the energy required to overcome intermolecular forces.

• The melting point determines the color of a substance when heated.

• The melting point is the temperature at which a gas becomes a solid.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

How do forces influence the state of matter?

• Intermolecular forces only influence the color of substances.

• Intermolecular forces have no effect on the state of matter.

• Intermolecular forces determine the state of matter by influencing the arrangement and movement of molecules, with stronger forces leading to solids and liquids, and weaker forces resulting in gases.

• The state of matter is solely determined by temperature, not intermolecular forces.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

What is the relationship between temperature and the state of matter? (Remember: as kinetic energy increases, temperature increases, too.)

• All states of matter exist at the same temperature.

• Temperature only affects gases, not solids or liquids.

• Temperature has no effect on the state of matter.

• Temperature influences the state of matter by changing the kinetic energy of particles, leading to phase transitions.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4