Understanding I/O Methods in Computing

What initiates data transfer in programmed I/O?

• Network protocols initiate data transfer in programmed I/O.

• User input triggers data transfer in programmed I/O.

• CPU instructions initiate data transfer in programmed I/O.

• Disk drive commands initiate data transfer in programmed I/O.

How does the CPU interact with peripheral devices in programmed I/O?

• Peripheral devices operate independently of the CPU and do not require data transfers.

• The CPU directly controls all peripheral devices without any instructions.

• The CPU uses a dedicated hardware line for all interactions with peripheral devices.

• The CPU interacts with peripheral devices by executing instructions to read/write data, checking device status, and using the data bus for transfers.

What is a major drawback of programmed I/O?

• Inefficient CPU utilization due to active waiting for I/O operations.

• Faster data transfer rates compared to direct I/O.

• High memory usage during I/O operations.

• Simplified programming model for developers.

What is the purpose of using an interrupt facility in I/O operations?

• To improve efficiency and resource management during I/O operations.

• To reduce the speed of I/O operations.

• To eliminate the need for device drivers.

• To simplify the hardware design of I/O devices.

How does interrupt-initiated I/O improve CPU efficiency?

• It forces the CPU to pause until the I/O operation is complete, ensuring accuracy.

• It eliminates the need for the CPU to manage I/O operations, allowing it to focus solely on processing.

• It allows the CPU to perform other tasks while waiting for I/O operations, improving overall efficiency.

• It allows the CPU to handle multiple I/O requests simultaneously, reducing wait time.

What does the CPU do while waiting for an interrupt signal?

• The CPU performs a system reboot.

• The CPU runs a diagnostic check.

• The CPU enters a low-power state or checks for other tasks.

• The CPU increases its clock speed.

What is the role of the interface in interrupt-driven I/O?

• The interface facilitates communication between hardware and the CPU, enabling efficient handling of I/O operations through interrupts.

• The interface manages memory allocation for I/O devices.

• The interface is responsible for data encryption during transmission.

• The interface directly controls the power supply to hardware components.

How does programmed I/O keep the CPU busy?

• Programmed I/O allows the CPU to enter a low-power state during data transfers.

• Programmed I/O automatically transfers data without any CPU involvement.

• Programmed I/O offloads data management tasks to the GPU instead of the CPU.

• Programmed I/O keeps the CPU busy by requiring it to actively manage data transfers and handle device status checks.

What happens when data is available from a device in interrupt-driven I/O?

• The CPU processes the data by executing an interrupt handler.

• The CPU ignores the data and continues processing other tasks.

• The data is stored in a temporary buffer without any processing.

• The device sends data directly to the main memory.

Why is constant monitoring of peripheral devices necessary in programmed I/O?

• To enhance the aesthetic appeal of the hardware setup.

• To ensure timely data transfer and prevent data loss.

• To limit the number of devices connected to the system.

• To reduce the cost of peripheral devices.