The position of a runner in a race is a type of analog data. The runner’s position is tracked using sensors. Which of the following best describes how the position of the runner is represented digitally?

• The position of the runner is determined by calculating the time difference between the start and the end of the race and making an estimation based on the runner’s average speed.

• The position of the runner is measured and rounded to either 0 or 1 depending on whether the runner is closer to the starting line or closer to the finish line.

• The position of the runner is predicted using a model based on performance data captured from previous races.

• The position of the runner is sampled at regular intervals to approximate the real-word position, and a sequence of bits is used to represent each sample.

Which of the following can be represented by a sequence of bits?

• An integer

• An alphanumeric character

• A machine language instruction

• I, II, and III

Which of the following best describes the impact of Creative Commons?

• Creative Commons gives creators of digital content the ability to indicate how their works can be legally used and distributed, enabling broad access to digital information.

• Creative Commons gives Internet users the right to legally use and distribute any previously copyrighted work, enabling broad access to digital information.

• Create Commons provides lossless transmission of messages, enabling reliable distribution of digital information.

• Creative Commons provides private transmission of messages, enabling secure distribution of digital information.

A programmer created a piece of software and wants to publish it using a Creative Commons license. Which of the following is a direct benefit of publishing the software with this type of license?

• The programmer can ensure that the algorithms used in the software are free from bias.

• The programmer can ensure that the source code for the software is backed up for archival purposes.

• The programmer can include code that was written by other people in the software without needing to obtain permission.

• The programmer can specify the ways that other people are legally allowed to use and distribute the software.

ASCII is a character-encoding scheme that uses 7 bits to represent each character. The decimal (base 10) values 65 through 90 represent the capital letters A through Z, as shown in the table below. What ASCII character is represented by the binary (base 2) number 1001010?

• H

• I

• J

• K

The code fragment below is intended to display "odd" if the positive number num is odd. Which of the following can be used to replace so that the code fragment will work as intended?

• (num MOD 1) = 0

• (num MOD 1) = 1

• (num MOD 2) = 0

• (num MOD 2) = 1

The variable isOpen is to be used to indicate whether or not a store is currently open. Which of the following is the most appropriate data type for isOpen?

• Integer

• Boolean

• String

• Float

Consider the following code segment.

a ← 10

b ← 20

c ← 30

d ← 40

e ← 50

b ← b * 3

a ← a + 1

a ← a * d / 2

DISPLAY b

DISPLAY c

DISPLAY d

DISPLAY e

What is displayed as a result of executing the code segment?

• 10 20 30 40

• 21 30 40 50

• 21 40 30 40

• 21 40 30 50

Consider the following code segment.

x ← 25

y ← 50

z ← 75

x ← y

y ← z

z ← x

DISPLAY x

DISPLAY y

DISPLAY z

Which of the variables have the value 50 after executing the code segment?

• x only

• y only

• x and z only

• x, y, and z

A flowchart is a way to visually represent an algorithm. The flowchart below is used by an apartment rental website to set the variable to include for apartments that meet certain criteria. Which of the following statements is equivalent to the algorithm in the flowchart?

• include ← (floor > 10) OR (bedrooms = 3)

• include ← (floor > 10) AND (bedrooms = 3)

• include ← (floor ≤ 10) OR (bedrooms ≠ 3)

• include ← (floor ≤ 10) AND (bedrooms ≠ 3)