Unit 5 Review Questions

How are igneous rocks formed?

• By the cooling and solidification of magma or lava

• Through the accumulation of sediment

• By the alteration of existing rock types

• Through the evaporation of water

Metamorphic rocks are formed through which process?

• Cooling and solidification of magma

• Compaction and cementation of sediments

• Extreme heat and pressure causing transformation

• Evaporation and precipitation of minerals

Describe how sedimentary rocks are formed. Be sure to include each of the following: sediments, deposition, cementation, weathering, erosion, and sediments.

• Sedimentary rocks are formed through the processes of weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation of sediments.

• Sedimentary rocks are formed by the cooling and solidification of magma.

• Sedimentary rocks are formed by the transformation of existing rock types through heat and pressure.

• Sedimentary rocks are formed by the accumulation of organic material.

What type of rocks are associated with weathering, erosion, and deposition?

• Igneous rocks

• Sedimentary rocks

• Metamorphic rocks

• Volcanic rocks

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

1. Describe what has to happen at each step: 

lava → igneous rock → sediments → sedimentary rock → metamorphic rock

• Lava melts and evaporates into the atmosphere. Igneous rock forms as lava condenses, then is transformed into sediments, followed by sedimentary rock being altered into magma, which cools into metamorphic rock.

• Lava cools and solidifies into igneous rock. Igneous rock is eroded and transported into sediments. Sediments are compacted and cemented to form sedimentary rock. Sedimentary rock undergoes extreme weathering and turns into metamorphic rock.

• Lava is absorbed into the earth's core, and igneous rock turns into magma, which later forms sediments. Sediments are compressed into metamorphic rock, which then reverts to lava.

• Lava cools and solidifies forming igneous rock. Igneous rock is weathered into sediments, which are eroded and deposited. Sediments are compacted and cemented forming sedimentary rock. Sedimentary rock is subducted and goes through intense heat and pressure and forms metamorphic rock.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

How do convergent plate boundaries affect the rock cycle?

• They create new oceanic crust.

• • Plates collide

  • and one plate may subduct, leading to metamorphism and melting.

• They cause the formation of rift valleys.

• They result in the creation of volcanic islands.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

How do divergent plate boundaries affect the rock cycle?

• • Plates move apart and magma rises to create new igneous rock like mid-ocean ridges

• They cause the formation of mountains.

• They lead to the subduction of tectonic plates.

• They result in the erosion of existing rock formations.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Weathering is the process of breaking down rocks and minerals. What are its two main types?

• Chemical and Physical

• Biological and Chemical

• Physical and Biological

• Erosion and Deposition

Erosion is the process by which natural forces move weathered rock and soil from one place to another.

• Erosion is the process by which natural forces move weathered rock and soil from one place to another.

• Erosion is the process of forming new rocks.

• Erosion is the process of breaking down rocks without moving them.

• Erosion is the process of creating soil from organic matter.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Deposition is a geological process that involves the accumulation of sediments, soil, and rocks in a new location. Which of the following best describes this process?

• Erosion

• Weathering

• Deposition

• Compaction