The following text is adapted from WillaCather's 1912 novel Alexander's Bridge.

For the next few daysAlexander wasvery busy. Hetooka desk in the   office of a [Scottish] engineering firm on Henrietta Street, and was at  work almost constantly. He avoided the club sand usually dined alone at his hotel.As used in the text ,what does the word"constantly"most nearly mean? 

• Hastily

• Carefully

• Nonstop

• Enough

Radiocarbon dating can help scientists determine whether  of the giant short-faced bear around8000 BCE the arrival of humans in  the same region of the Americas. If instead the  giant short-faced bear died  out before humans could have altered its habitat, that suggests that its

extinction was the result of some other factor, such as change in sea levels as a result of glaciers retreating.

Which choice completes the text with the  most logical and precise word or phrase?

• compensated for

• coincided with

• developed into

• clashed with

Economists often assert that countries looking to increase their reliance on solar energy should expand their capacity for storage; having an ample

reserve of stored energy can mitigate the effects of …… solar energy collection caused by unpredictable shifts in cloud cover and haze.

 Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

 

•  calibrations with

• developments of

• fluctuations in

• incentives for

Few religious buildings can be said to…… the astonishing size of Sultan Salahuddin  Abdul Aziz Mosque in Malaysia, which, with the capacity to accommodate approximately 24,000 people at once, is one of the largest   mosques in the world.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

• conceal

• symbolize

• minimize

• match

In the United States, historians of the American Revolution once had a tendency to approach their subject with____ :they had so much

admiration for the people who carried out the revolution that they were far from objective in their scholarship.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

• curiosity

• candor

• reverence

• prudence

The following text is from the 1895 poem"Marshlands"by Emily Pauline Jahnson  , a Kanienkahagen    (Mohawk  ) writer   also  known   as  Tekahionwake.

Among the wild rice in the still lagoon.

In  monotone     the   lizard    shrills    his   tune.

The wild goose,homing, seeks a  sheltering,

Where  rushes   grow  , and  oozing   lichens    cling.

Late cranes with heavy wing,andlazyflight,

Sailupthesilence withthenearing night.

And like a spirit, swathed in some soft veil,

Steals twilight and its shadows o'er the swale.

Hushed lie the sedges, and the vapours creep.    Thick, grey and humid, while the marshes sleep.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

• It identifies a location, then refers to a person living there.

• It sketches a setting by presenting a series of images of nature.

• It makes an extended comparison of nature to human emotions.

• It names animal species found in a place , then names plant species there.

President RichardNixon is most famous for his participation in the 1970s Watergate political scandal, a convoluted tale of criminality and eroded

ethics involving a constellation of associates such as Chief of Staff H.R.

"Bob"Haldeman and Nixons personal friend Charles "Bebe"Reboz0.But Nixon'slegacy is complex:he has been praised for his role in opening

relations between the United States and China, and he once made an

attempt at reforming United States health care policy that is arguably a

precursor to the Affordable Care Act.which became law during the Barack Obama administration.

Which choice beststates the main purpose of the text?

• It catalogs the most notable achievements of a historical figure.

• It argues that the seeming prominence of a historical figure is largely due to the actions of others.

• It assessesa historical figure's significance by considering both his achievements and failings

•  It  explains how  a  historical figures reputation has  improved significantly with the passage of time.

Thermal technologies have been used in the food industry for over 100 years.providing a way of preserving food in large batches.Recent

advancements in ohmic heating were made through research in Chile on   the preservation of strawberries.Ohmic heating isgenerally consideredto be an improvement over more conventional thermal preservation

methods:whereas conventional methods transfer energy from the surface of a food to its interior,ohmicheating passes electric current through food

products to generate heat within the food itself.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

• It provides an overview of the research into ohmic heating both

  globally and in a specific country

• It introduces ohmic heating as a food preservation technology and identifies one of its advantages.

• It explains why conventional heating methods are popular in    commercial applications and proposes a shift away from these methods.

• It suggests that there are possible flaws in ohmic heating technologies that have not yet been well researched.

The following text is from Julia Alvarezs 2000 novel In theNante of Salome. Salone,apnet,ishosting guests in the front parlor of her family home,and Ramonais her sisterAsalon is a social gathering for the exploration of

intellectual  ideas.

It was evening when the two men gotup to leave.Tia Ana hadalready come intothe room several times tosee if these guestshad departed

yet.The front parlor had always been her special province.as she used

it for her little school.Now,every evening.it turned into Salome's salon,as Ramona called it.and it was never in order for its

transformation back toa classroomthe following morning.

vz000by |uha Ararez

Based onthe text,what most likely mctivates Tia Ana's behavior during Salome's salon?

• She considersthe guests to be uninteresting and is trying to convince them to leave.

• She is anxious for the gathering to disperse so that she can ready the space for her own needs.

• She is impatient to share her plans to start a new school with the guests and hopes they will support her.

• She is frustrated because she needs assistance else where in the house, but Salome is unavailable while entertaining the guests.

Mexicantextile artist Victoria Villasana weavesstories of triumph,using

her unique methodof applying colorful yarn to photographs of people.In    some works,Villasana focuseson celebratingcultural icons whoare people of color,as she does in her depiction of musicianand composerPrince.

However.in other works.Villasana honors ordinary people.as she does in her captivating portrayal of a young girl sitting on a sidewalk.Villasana

sees both of these approaches as ways of depicting the power and interconnectednessof all  people

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

• Villasana's portrayal of a young girl siting on a sidewalk focuses

  more on human connection than it does on human resilience.

   

• Villasana began her  artistic  careerby  paintingportraits  of

  famous people and then transitionedto depicting everyday people instead.

• Villasana's works focus on recognizing both famous and everyday examples of human strength and connection.

• vllasanas  depicion  ofPrince  receives  more  attention  from

  scholars than her depiction of a young girl siting on a sidewalk daes.