What does the central nervous system (CNS) include?

• Brain and spinal cord

• 12 pairs of cranial nerves

• 31 pairs of spinal nerves

• All ganglia

Which of the following is NOT a protective structure of the CNS?

• Vertebral column

• Meninges

• Cerebrospinal fluid

• Nerve fibers

What type of information does the afferent branch of the peripheral nervous system carry?

• Sensory information to the CNS

• Motor signals to muscles

• Autonomic functions

• Reflex actions

Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements?

• Hypothalamus

• Cerebellum

• Brainstem

• Thalamus

What is the primary function of astrocytes in the CNS?

• Act as phagocytes

• Support neurons and regulate blood flow

• Transmit nerve impulses

• Form myelin sheath

Which type of glial cell is responsible for myelination in the CNS?

• Oligodendrocytes

• Ependymal cells

• Microglia

• Astrocytes

What is the role of the blood-brain barrier?

• To protect the brain from harmful substances

• To facilitate the flow of cerebrospinal fluid

• To connect the brain to the spinal cord

• To allow all substances to enter the brain

Which of the following is a function of the autonomic nervous system?

• Voluntary muscle control

• Conscious thought

• Sensory perception

• Regulating heart rate

What type of receptors are responsible for detecting changes in muscle tension?

• Merkel's discs

• Meissner's corpuscles

• Golgi tendon organs

• Pacinian corpuscles

Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the lateral rectus muscle?

• Facial nerve (VII)

• Trochlear nerve (IV)

• Oculomotor nerve (III)

• Abducent nerve (VI)