5th Grade Summative Review

During a science experiment, Luis and Emily were observing different substances. Which of the following is a characteristic of a gas they noticed?

• It has a definite shape.

• It has a definite volume.

• It fills the container it is in.

• It is incompressible.

Answer explanation

A characteristic of a gas is that it fills the container it is in. Unlike solids and liquids, gases do not have a definite shape or volume, allowing them to expand and occupy the entire space available.

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Mike and Kevin want to test the effect of force on an object. Which of the following is an example of a simple procedure they could use?

• Measuring the temperature of water.

• Observing the color change in a chemical reaction.

• Rolling a ball down a ramp and measuring the distance it travels.

• Mixing two liquids to see if they form a solution.

Answer explanation

Rolling a ball down a ramp and measuring the distance it travels directly tests the effect of force on the ball's motion, making it a suitable procedure. The other options do not focus on force.

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Daymara and Dylan are working on a school project to create a simple electrical circuit. What do they need for their circuit to function properly?

• A battery, a switch, and a resistor.

• A power source, a conductor, and a load.

• A light bulb, a magnet, and a wire.

• A switch, a fuse, and a transformer.

Answer explanation

For a circuit to function properly, it needs a power source (like a battery), a conductor (wires), and a load (like a light bulb). This combination allows electricity to flow and perform work.

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During a class discussion, Emily asked how Earth's rotation causes the day/night cycle. Can you explain it to her?

• Earth rotates on its axis once every 12 hours, causing day and night.

• Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours, causing the Sun to appear to move across the sky.

• Earth revolves around the Sun once every 24 hours, causing day and night.

• Earth rotates on its axis once every 365 days, causing the Sun to appear to move across the sky.

Answer explanation

Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours, which creates the day/night cycle. As it spins, different parts of the Earth face the Sun, causing daylight, while the opposite side experiences night.

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During a science class, Mike asked, "Which of the following best describes the orbit of the Moon around Earth?"

• The Moon orbits Earth in a perfect circle.

• The Moon orbits Earth in an elliptical path.

• The Moon orbits Earth in a straight line.

• The Moon does not orbit Earth.

Answer explanation

The Moon orbits Earth in an elliptical path, not a perfect circle or straight line. This elliptical orbit is a result of gravitational forces and is a fundamental aspect of celestial mechanics.

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Leandro and Sifa want to test how different surfaces affect the speed of a toy car. Which variable should they change?

• The weight of the toy car.

• The type of surface the car rolls on.

• The color of the toy car.

• The size of the toy car.

Answer explanation

To test how different surfaces affect the speed of the toy car, Leandro and Sifa should change the type of surface the car rolls on. This variable directly impacts the car's speed, unlike the other options.

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During a science experiment, Kevin and Luis are testing different materials to see which one conducts thermal energy the best. Which of the following materials is most likely to conduct thermal energy?

• Wood

• Plastic

• Metal

• Rubber

Answer explanation

Metal is the best conductor of thermal energy among the options provided. It allows heat to transfer quickly due to its free electrons, making it more efficient than wood, plastic, or rubber.

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Devora and Kevin are observing the shadows of trees in their backyard. What happens to the position of these shadows as the Sun appears to move across the sky?

• Shadows remain the same length throughout the day.

• Shadows are longest at noon.

• Shadows change position and length throughout the day.

• Shadows disappear at sunset.

Answer explanation

As the Sun moves across the sky, the angle of sunlight changes, causing shadows to shift in position and vary in length. Therefore, the correct answer is that shadows change position and length throughout the day.

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Gael and Emily are setting up a simple electrical circuit for their science project. Which of the following is a requirement for their circuit to function properly?

• A closed loop

• An open switch

• A broken wire

• A disconnected battery

Answer explanation

For an electrical circuit to function properly, it must form a closed loop, allowing current to flow. An open switch, broken wire, or disconnected battery would prevent the circuit from completing, thus not functioning.

Johan and Sifa are working on a science project. How can they demonstrate that electrical energy can be transformed into light energy?

• By connecting a battery to a fan.

• By connecting a battery to a light bulb.

• By connecting a battery to a speaker.

• By connecting a battery to a heater.

Answer explanation

Connecting a battery to a light bulb demonstrates the transformation of electrical energy into light energy, as the bulb emits light when powered, clearly showing this energy conversion.