Semester 1 Final ES Chapter 2 review

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Logic and critical thinking in science

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Logic and critical thinking are essential tools in science, but imagination and creativity also play a crucial role in scientific discovery.

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Definition of isotopes

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Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

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Second law of thermodynamics

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The second law of thermodynamics states that whenever energy is converted from one form to another, we end up with lower-quality or less usable energy than we started with.

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First law of thermodynamics

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The first law of thermodynamics is also known as the law of conservation of energy, which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

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Law of conservation of matter

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The law of conservation of matter states that in a closed system, atoms cannot be created or destroyed during a physical or chemical change.

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Importance of creativity in science

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Creativity is important in science as it allows scientists to develop new hypotheses, design experiments, and think outside the box.

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Energy quality in thermodynamics

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Energy quality refers to the ability of energy to do work; higher quality energy can perform more work than lower quality energy.

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Chemical change vs. physical change

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A chemical change results in the formation of new substances, while a physical change alters the form of a substance but not its chemical composition.

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Examples of energy conversion

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Examples include converting chemical energy in food to kinetic energy when we move, or converting electrical energy to light energy in a bulb.

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Role of atoms in matter

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Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter and cannot be created or destroyed in chemical reactions.