Protein Synthesis and Mutations

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What is protein synthesis?

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The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What is transcription in protein synthesis?

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The process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA, which occurs in the nucleus.

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What is translation in protein synthesis?

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The process where ribosomes read mRNA sequences to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain.

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What is a mutation?

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A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.

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What is a codon?

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A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

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What is an anti-codon?

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A sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that is complementary to a codon in mRNA.

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What is a frameshift mutation?

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A mutation caused by insertions or deletions of nucleotides that alters the reading frame of the genetic code.

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What is a deletion mutation?

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A type of mutation where one or more nucleotides are removed from the DNA sequence.

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What is an insertion mutation?

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A type of mutation where one or more nucleotides are added to the DNA sequence.

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What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

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Ribosomes are the cellular machinery that facilitate the translation of mRNA into proteins.