Quarter 2 Benchmark Review

Use the map showing the route of Mansa Musa's 1324 pilgrimage from Mali to Mecca to answer the question. How did this pilgrimage affect Africa?

• It increased European interest in establishing relationships with African kingdoms.

• It led to the outbreak of war over power and influence among nations in Africa.

• It led to the economic decline of wealthy African empires.

• It introduced Christianity to societies throughout Africa.

Read the text and answer the question. Though the ancient Greeks and Mesopotamians introduced many ideas in the fields of math and science, some ideas developed later and in different places. The study of algebra, a branch of math that uses different letters and numbers to represent values, was created by the Islamic scholar ibn al-Banna in the 13th century CE. By the 1700s, German mathematician Gottfried Leibniz was teaching algebra to his students in Europe. What does the text suggest?

• Modern math and science studies are almost all taken from ancient Greek theories and ideas.

• European advancements allowed for ancient math and science theories to develop in the medieval period.

• Middle Eastern societies depended on Europe and Asia for new ideas in math and science.

• Important scientific and mathematic theories spread from Islamic empires to Europe in the Middle Ages.

Which answer choice BEST describes the Five Pillars of Islam?

• the ruins of the first mosque in Mecca

• the main disciples of Muhammad

• the basic duties of every Muslim

• the cities considered sacred by Muslims

Use the map showing the region of Africa where the Mali Empire was located to answer the question. Timbuktu served as a hub for trade and exchange in the Mali Empire. Near which geographic feature shown on the map was the city founded?

• the African Savanna

• the Atlantic Coast

• the Niger River

• the Sahara Desert

Use the painting showing the crowning of Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor to answer the question. What does this painting illustrate about the reign of Charlemagne?

• He introduced the Islamic religion to the people of the Holy Roman Empire.

• He helped establish Christianity as the religion of the Holy Roman Empire.

• He freed European serfs from the feudal system within the Holy Roman Empire.

• He established a separation of church and state in the Holy Roman Empire.

What event occurred in 1451 CE that contributed to Ottoman forces conquering Constantinople?

• Mehmed II becomes leader of the Ottoman Sultanate.

• Mehmed II is defeated by rival Ottoman rulers.

• Constantine XI declares war on the Ottoman Sultanate.

• Constantine XI surrenders to Ottoman rulers.

How did the events of 1453 CE affect Europe?

• The loss of Roman culture in the destruction of Constantinople contributed to the beginning of the Middle Ages.

• The migration of Byzantine scholars who fled Constantinople contributed to the beginning of the Italian Renaissance.

• The capture of a major center of trade enabled Europeans to spread Christianity abroad.

• The establishment of the Ottoman Empire contributed to the decline of Islam in the region.

Use the diagram to answer the question. What does this diagram illustrate?

• mercantilism

• communism

• feudalism

• capitalism

Use the information to answer the question. What does this information about the Catalan Atlas show about West Africa?

• The Ghana, Mali, and Songhai kingdoms in West Africa encouraged trade with Europe and held great wealth.

• The region of West Africa was less developed than kingdoms in Northern Europe during the medieval period.

• The crusades led by European armies succeeded in converting all West African kingdoms to Christianity.

• The kingdoms of West Africa and the kingdoms of Europe did not know anything about each other.

Use the images to answer the question. Based on the images provided, what conclusion can be drawn about Muslim advancements in medicine during the Abbasid Caliphate?

• Muslim doctors learned medicine from discoveries explained in European texts.

• Islamic authorities did not believe the Muslim religion allowed scientific research.

• Muslim scientists made many important medical discoveries that spread to Europe.

• Islamic empires did not want European kingdoms to know about their scientific discoveries.