Sampling Methods & Bias

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What is sampling in research?

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Sampling is the process of selecting a subset of individuals from a population to estimate characteristics of the whole population.

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CCSS.7.SP.A.1

CCSS.HSS.IC.A.1

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What is random sampling?

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Random sampling is a technique where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected, minimizing bias.

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CCSS.HSS.IC.B.3

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What is convenience sampling?

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Convenience sampling is a non-random sampling technique where subjects are selected based on their easy availability and proximity to the researcher.

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CCSS.HSS.IC.B.3

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What is undercoverage in sampling?

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Undercoverage occurs when some members of the population are inadequately represented in the sample, leading to biased results.

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CCSS.HSS.IC.B.3

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What is cluster sampling?

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Cluster sampling involves dividing the population into groups (clusters) and randomly selecting entire clusters to be included in the sample.

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CCSS.HSS.IC.B.3

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What is stratified sampling?

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Stratified sampling is a method where the population is divided into subgroups (strata) and random samples are taken from each stratum.

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CCSS.HSS.IC.B.3

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What is a sample survey?

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A sample survey is a study that collects data from a subset of a population to infer conclusions about the entire population.

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CCSS.7.SP.A.1

CCSS.HSS.IC.A.1

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What is bias in sampling?

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Bias in sampling refers to systematic errors that lead to an unrepresentative sample, affecting the validity of the study's conclusions.

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CCSS.7.SP.A.1

CCSS.HSS.IC.A.1

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What is systematic sampling?

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Systematic sampling involves selecting every nth individual from a list of the population after a random starting point.

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CCSS.HSS.IC.B.3

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What is the impact of sample size on research results?

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A larger sample size generally leads to more reliable and valid results, reducing the margin of error.

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CCSS.HSS.IC.B.3