Quiz about PHY SCI FINAL REVIEW

Question 1

One radioactive isotope of calcium has an atomic mass number of 47. How many neutrons are in the calcium-47 nucleus?

Accepted Answer

27

Answer

17

Answer

20

Answer

47

Question 2

The charge of an atom is

Accepted Answer

neutral

Answer

negative

Answer

positive

Answer

dependent upon the atomic number

Question 3

Which type of element loses an electron to become an ion?

Accepted Answer

metal

Answer

gas

Answer

nonmetal

Answer

semimetal

Question 4

Which of the atoms shown has an atomic number of 4?

Accepted Answer

A

Answer

B

Answer

C

Answer

D

Question 5

The elements from this section of the periodic table all belong to the same

Accepted Answer

period

Answer

family

Answer

group

Answer

valence

Question 6

Based on the table, determine the identity of the unknown metal. Density Formula D=M/V. Roni picks up a sample of a silver, cylindrical-shaped piece of an unknown metal and is told by her teacher to find the identity of it. She decides to measure its mass by using an analytical balance. The mass is found to be 42.5g. She then puts the metal in a graduated cylinder and finds the volume to be 5.8ml.

Accepted Answer

Tin

Answer

Aluminum

Answer

Magnesium

Answer

Nickel

Question 7

Which element is an example of a metalloid?

Accepted Answer

silicon

Answer

gold

Answer

helium

Answer

iron

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the alpha decay of polonium-214?

Accepted Answer

C

Answer

A

Answer

B

Answer

D

Question 9

All of the statements are true about the arrangement of elements in the periodic table EXCEPT that the

Accepted Answer

alkaline earth elements are in the first column, on the left.

Answer

noble gases are in the group farthest to the right.

Answer

metals are found on the left side of the periodic table.

Answer

transition metals are in the center of the periodic table.

Question 10

What can you interpret from the following solubility graph?

Accepted Answer

As temperature increases, so does solubility.

Answer

Temperature is not a factor in the solubility of a substance.

Answer

The solubility of NaCl is affected more by temperature than KBr.

Answer

Solubility decreases as you increase the temperature.

Question 11

A carbon-12 atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. How many protons does a carbon-14 atom have?

Accepted Answer

6

Answer

8

Answer

12

Answer

14

Question 12

In a neutral atom of any element, there are equal numbers of

Accepted Answer

electrons and protons.

Answer

protons and neutrons.

Answer

electrons and neutrons.

Answer

atomic number and atomic mass.

Question 13

The table shows the density and volume of four liquid samples. The four liquids do not mix with each other. What is the order in which the layers will be formed, from top to bottom, if the four liquids are poured into a beaker and allowed to settle?

Accepted Answer

Sample D > Sample A > Sample C > Sample B

Answer

Sample A < Sample B < Sample C < Sample D

Answer

Sample C > Sample A > Sample D > Sample B

Answer

Sample B < Sample D < Sample A < Sample C

Question 14

Dissolved in many gasolines are cleaning agents and anti-knock additives. These cleaning agents and additives are an example of...

Accepted Answer

solutes

Answer

solids

Answer

solutions

Answer

solvents

Question 15

Elements: B, C, N, O, F

What structure do all of these elements have in common?

Accepted Answer

number of energy levels or shells

Answer

number of protons

Answer

numbers of electrons

Answer

number of valence electrons

Question 16

What is the identity of the atom shown?

Accepted Answer

fluorine

Answer

neon

Answer

nitrogen

Answer

potassium

Question 17

Order these elements from LEAST to GREATEST atomic mass.

Accepted Answer

He, Li, N, S

Answer

Li, He, N, S

Answer

N, He, Li, S

Answer

S, N, Li, He

Question 18

A thick piece of paper placed over a radiation source would be most effective in protecting against which type of radiation?

Accepted Answer

Alpha

Answer

Beta

Answer

Gamma

Answer

X-Ray

Question 19

According to the Law of Conservation of matter, if there are 2 grams of product produced by the chemical reaction, how many grams of reactant were there to begin with?

Accepted Answer

2 grams

Answer

0 grams

Answer

1 gram

Answer

4 grams

Question 20

Name this compound according to IUPAC nomenclature rules.

Accepted Answer

nitrogen monoxide

Answer

nitrogen dioxide

Answer

nitrogen oxygen

Answer

mononitrogen monoxide

Question 21

Determine the identity of a cube of metal that measures 1.5 cm on each side and has a mass of 35.45g. (Remember to find the volume with L*W*H first then Density Formula D=M/V)

Accepted Answer

Silver

Answer

Gold

Answer

Nickel

Answer

Zinc

Question 22

A compound containing sodium and chlorine, in a binary ionic compound, would be named

Accepted Answer

sodium chloride.

Answer

sodium chlorine.

Answer

sodium chlorate.

Answer

sodide chlorine.

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of nuclear fusion?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen-1 and hydrogen-2 combine to form helium-3.

Answer

Polonium-210 decays into lead-206 and an alpha particle.

Answer

Carbon-14 breaks down into a beta particle and nitrogen-14.

Answer

Uranium-235 breaks apart to produce barium-141, krypton-92, and three neutrons.

Question 24

Make a formula with Magnesium and Chlorine.

Accepted Answer

MgCl2

Answer

Cl2Mg

Answer

ClMg

Answer

MgCl

Question 25

The three main types of nuclear radiation are alpha, beta, and gamma. Which of the following lists these types of radiation from lowest penetrating power to highest penetrating power?

Accepted Answer

gamma, beta, alpha

Answer

beta, alpha, gamma

Answer

beta, gamma, alpha

Answer

alpha, beta, gamma

Question 26

What element behaves MOST like magnesium?

Accepted Answer

Sr

Answer

Sb

Answer

Se

Answer

Sn

Question 27

These isotopes all have a different number of

Accepted Answer

neutrons.

Answer

electrons.

Answer

nuclei.

Answer

protons.

Question 28

Which of the following statements best describes a difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion reactions?

Accepted Answer

Nuclei split during fission and combine during fusion.

Answer

Fission forms heavier elements, and fusion forms lighter elements.

Answer

Fission generates potential energy, and fusion generates kinetic energy.

Answer

Nuclei gain electrons during fission and release electrons during fusion.

Question 29

What is the result of the process that occurs in the image?

Accepted Answer

two ions formed and attracted to one another to form a stable compound

Answer

two stable ions formed and able to exist independently

Answer

one unstable compound that will only exist for a short period

Answer

two unstable ions which will immediately look for a substance with which to react

Question 30

The oxidation number of all metals on the periodic table have a positive (+) charge. Which of these BEST explains why?

Accepted Answer

All metals lose one or more valence electrons to become stable, giving them a positive oxidation number.

Answer

Metals are known to add protons to their nuclei causing them to become positively charged.

Answer

All metals gain one or more valence electrons to become stable, giving them a negative oxidation number.

Answer

Metals are known to lose protons and add neutrons to their nuclei causing them to become positively charged.

Question 31

During chemistry, Carl performed several lab tests on two white solids. The results of the tests are seen in the data table. Based on data, Carl concluded that substance B must have ________ bonds.

Accepted Answer

ionic

Answer

covalent

Answer

diatomic

Answer

metallic

Question 32

Sugar is added to tea to make sweet tea. In chemical terms the sugar is the __________ and the tea (mostly water) is the _________

Accepted Answer

solute, solvent

Answer

endothermic, exothermic

Answer

chemical, dissolution

Answer

reactant, product

Question 33

The atomic number of magnesium is 12 and its mass is 24. Its nucleus must contain

Accepted Answer

12 neutrons and no protons.

Answer

6 protons and 6 neutrons.

Answer

6 neutrons and 6 electrons.

Answer

12 protons and 12 neutrons.

Question 34

A positively charged ion will bond with

Accepted Answer

a negatively charged ion.

Answer

a neutral atom.

Answer

another positively charged ion.

Answer

nothing else.

Question 35

Uranium-238 undergoes radioactive decay according to the incomplete equation below. $$ ^{238}_{92}U \rightarrow ^{4}_{2}He + X $$ What is the decay product represented by X?

Accepted Answer

B) $ ^{234}_{90}Th $

Answer

A) $ ^{232}_{90}Th $

Answer

C) $ ^{242}_{94}Pu $

Answer

D) $ ^{244}_{94}Pu $

Question 36

Which compound demonstrated the GREATEST increase of solubility as a result of an increase in temperature?

Accepted Answer

C) potassium nitrate

Answer

A) sodium nitrate

Answer

B) sodium chloride

Answer

D) potassium chlorate

Question 37

Identify the number of neutrons in one atom of sulfur with an isotopic mass number of 34 amu.

Accepted Answer

18

Answer

16

Answer

32

Answer

34

Question 38

Water is commonly known as the universal __________.

Accepted Answer

solvent

Answer

solute

Answer

solution

Answer

precipitate

Question 39

Dot Diagrams represent ____________________ of an atom.

Accepted Answer

valence electrons

Answer

core electrons

Answer

core protons

Answer

valence protons

Question 40

An ionic compound is between a ________ and a __________. (Read all answer choices!)

Accepted Answer

any of these

Answer

Cation and anion

Answer

metal and nonmetal

Answer

+ and - charged ion

Question 41

In a(n) __________ bond a metal loses an electron to form a(n) __________.

Accepted Answer

Ionic, cation

Answer

Ionic, anion

Answer

Covalent, cation

Answer

Covalent, anion

Question 42

How does the solubility of a typical solid solute change as temperature increases?

Accepted Answer

The solubility increases

Answer

The solubility decreases

Answer

The solubility remains the same

Answer

There is no relationship of temperature and solubility

Question 43

If you wanted to design an experiment to show how much sugar dissolves in tea varies according to the temperature, what would be the independent variable (the one on the x-axis)?

Accepted Answer

Temperature of tea

Answer

Volume of tea

Answer

Concentration of tea

Answer

Amount of sugar dissolved

Question 44

If dish detergent is dissolved in water, the detergent is the __________ and water is the __________.

Accepted Answer

Solute, Solvent

Answer

Solvent, Solute

Answer

Principate, Solution

Answer

Solution, Solute

Question 45

Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture?

Accepted Answer

Vegetable Soup

Answer

Salt water

Answer

Bronze

Answer

Carbon dioxide

Question 46

Which of the following is an example of a physical change?

Accepted Answer

Slicing cheese

Answer

Burning a marshmallow

Answer

Baking a cake

Answer

Wood rotting

Question 47

A substance in the solid state of matter would have a __________ shape and __________ volume?

Accepted Answer

Definite, definite

Answer

Indefinite, definite

Answer

Definite, indefinite

Answer

Indefinite, indefinite

Question 48

When a block of solid carbon dioxide turns directly into a gas what is the phase transition called?

Accepted Answer

Sublimation

Answer

Melting

Answer

Evaporation

Answer

Condensation

Question 49

A 100-gram sample of radium-226 has a half-life of 1,600 years. How long will it take before there are only 12.5 grams of the radioactive radium-226 remaining?

Accepted Answer

4,800 years

Answer

1,600 years

Answer

3,200 years

Answer

6,400 years

Question 50

Which is responsible for producing heat and light from the sun?

Accepted Answer

nuclear energy

Answer

chemical energy

Answer

electrical energy

Answer

wind energy

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