Average IQ scores have increased steadily over the past 100 years. It has been argued that this effect is most likely due to

• an increase in the average number of years in school

• a decrease in access to medical care, clean water, and nutritious food

• an increase in population

• an increase in genetic diversity

Henry took an intelligence test and scored lower than he thought he should. He kept retaking the test, but he kept getting about the same score each time. This series of events indicates that the test was

• reliable

• valid

• standardized

• predictive

Professor Saito is investigating whether online teaching compared to the standard classroom lectures affect intelligence scores. After selecting student participants and assigning half to an online course and half to a standard lecture course, he administers an exam to both groups. What is the independent variable in this research?

• The length of the exam

• The type of course instruction

• The student participants

• Students' scores on the exam

Intelligence tests have been used throughout history to purposefully discriminate against groups of people. Claims that minority groups have lower IQ scores because of genetic factors fail to consider which of the following?

• IQ tests are not valid measures of intelligence.

• IQ tests only measure verbal skills, which might impact some groups due to language barriers.

• IQ test scores are dependent on social factors such as educational opportunity and poverty.

• IQ tests are unreliable measures of intelligence.

Which of the following types of validity is established by demonstrating that there is a correlation between scores on a test and later academic performance?

• Content

• Predictive

• Concurrent

• Test-retest

Which of the following is always true of standardized tests?

• They are projective.

• They are verified experimentally.

• They are supposed to be administered individually.

• They are supposed to be administered and scored in a consistent manner.

On individual intelligence tests such as the Stanford-Binet and Wechsler scales, an IQ of 100 indicates that the test taker

• correctly answered all of the items on the test

• obtained the highest scores in the standardization sample

• scored at the average level for test takers of the same age

• scored above the level of the average American adult

Which of the following is the most appropriate criterion for evaluating the predictive validity of an intelligence test?

• Intelligence quotient

• Mental age

• Scholastic aptitude

• School grades

Which of the following types of test is designed to measure an individual's knowledge of a subject?

• Achievement

• Aptitude

• Predictive

• Interest inventory

A psychologist administered the most recent edition of the Stanford-Binet IQ test to 50 students and their scores are shown in the chart here. How many students earned scores higher than two standard deviations above the mean?

• 2

• 3

• 8

• 10