Bonding Practice

What is an ionic bond?

• A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms.

• A bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

• A bond that only occurs between metal atoms.

• A bond that involves the mutual attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Answer explanation

An ionic bond is formed when one atom transfers electrons to another, resulting in the formation of oppositely charged ions that attract each other. This is why the correct answer is about the transfer of electrons.

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What is a covalent bond?

• A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two nonmetal atoms.

• A bond formed between a metal and a nonmetal.

• A bond that involves the transfer of electrons.

• A bond that only occurs in ionic compounds.

Answer explanation

A covalent bond is specifically formed by the sharing of electrons between two nonmetal atoms, distinguishing it from ionic bonds, which involve electron transfer between metals and nonmetals.

Which of the following best describes the formation of an ionic bond?

• Two atoms share their valence electrons equally.

• An atom donates its valence electron to another atom, creating ions that attract each other.

• Two atoms exchange neutrons to achieve stability.

• Electrons are shared unequally between two atoms.

Answer explanation

An ionic bond forms when one atom donates its valence electron to another atom, resulting in the creation of positively and negatively charged ions that attract each other.

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What is a key difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

• Ionic bonds occur only in organic compounds, while covalent bonds occur in inorganic compounds.

• Ionic bonds involve the sharing of electrons, while covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons.

• Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons.

• Covalent bonds can only form between two metals, while ionic bonds can form between a metal and a nonmetal.

Answer explanation

The correct choice highlights that ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, which is a fundamental distinction in chemistry.

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In a covalent bond, what happens to the valence electrons?

• They are transferred from one atom to another.

• They are shared between atoms.

• They are lost to the surrounding environment.

• They are used to form ionic bonds.

Answer explanation

In a covalent bond, valence electrons are shared between atoms, allowing them to achieve stability. This sharing differentiates covalent bonds from ionic bonds, where electrons are transferred.

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What type of elements typically form ionic bonds?

• Two metals.

• Two nonmetals.

• A metal and a nonmetal.

• A metalloid and a nonmetal.

Answer explanation

Ionic bonds typically form between a metal and a nonmetal. Metals lose electrons to become positively charged ions, while nonmetals gain electrons to become negatively charged ions, resulting in an electrostatic attraction.

Metals tend to

• gain electrons and form anions

• lose electrons and form anions

• gain electrons and form cations

• lose electrons and form cations

Answer explanation

Metals typically lose electrons due to their low electronegativity, resulting in a positive charge. This process forms cations, making 'lose electrons and form cations' the correct choice.

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Nonmetals tend to

• gain electrons and form anions

• lose electrons and form anions

• gain electrons and form cations

• lose electrons and form cations

Answer explanation

Nonmetals have high electronegativity, which means they tend to gain electrons to achieve a full outer shell. By gaining electrons, they form negatively charged ions called anions, making 'gain electrons and form anions' the correct choice.

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Which of the following models is an example of an ionic compound?

• H2O (Water)

• CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)

• NaCl (Sodium Chloride)

• O2 (Oxygen)

Answer explanation

NaCl (Sodium Chloride) is an ionic compound formed from the electrostatic attraction between positively charged sodium ions and negatively charged chloride ions, unlike the other options which are molecular compounds.

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Which of the following is not an example of a covalent compound?

• H2O (Water)

• CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)

• NaCl (Sodium Chloride)

• CH4 (Methane)

Answer explanation

NaCl (Sodium Chloride) is an ionic compound, formed by the transfer of electrons between sodium and chlorine. In contrast, H2O, CO2, and CH4 are covalent compounds, formed by sharing electrons.

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