What is the function of the "cap rock" in an oil reservoir?

• To allow free flow of oil to the surface

• To seal and hold oil inside the reservoir, acting as an impermeable barrier

• To improve the permeability of the reservoir and facilitate extraction

What is "kerogen"?

• A liquid hydrocarbon that can be extracted directly from oil reservoirs

• A solid hydrocarbon, insoluble in oil solvents, that generates oil when heated

• A gaseous compound found in natural gas fields, used for energy

What is a "source" in the context of oil generation?

• A fine-grained, organically rich sediment capable of generating oil

• A rock that serves as a reservoir for already formed oil

• A type of rock used for capturing natural gas for extraction

What fractions are produced during the distillation of crude oil in a distillation column?

• Gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, fuel oil

• Hydrogen, ammonia, carbon dioxide

• Sulfur, methane, nitrogen gas

What is the process by which kerogen decomposes into liquid hydrocarbons (oil) and gas?

• Catagenesis

• Diagenesis

• Metagenesis

What are the geochemical indicators used to assess historical temperatures experienced by sedimentary rocks?

• Paleothermometers

• Temperature ranges

• Thermogenesis

At what stage and under what conditions does the formation of natural gas begin when kerogen decomposes into gaseous hydrocarbons?

• Metagenesis, at depths greater than 4 km and temperatures above 120°C

• Diagenesis, at depths less than 2 km and temperatures below 60°C

• Catagenesis, at depths between 2 and 4 km and temperatures between 60°C and 120°C

What is a "trap" in the context of oil geology?

• A structural or stratigraphic configuration that prevents further migration of hydrocarbons

• A rock that enhances the migration of hydrocarbons

• A surface feature that allows hydrocarbons to seep from the ground

What is the name of the water, trapped in sediments during deposition, often salty due to prolonged interaction with surrounding minerals?

• Juvenile water

• Meteoric water

• Connate water

What is the difference between normal pressure and abnormal pressure in subsurface formations?

• Normal pressure occurs when the pressure of the fluid is above expected, while abnormal pressure is always below the pressure of the water column.

• Normal pressure occurs when the pressure of the fluid is equal to the weight of the water column, while abnormal pressure occurs when the pressure of the fluid is either above or below expected.

• Normal pressure is the pressure found in gas reservoirs, while abnormal pressure is not related to the pressure from above.