QU-EST-Protein Synthesis

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What is protein synthesis?

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The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

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What is the function of tRNA?

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tRNA (transfer RNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the corresponding codons on the mRNA.

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What are codons?

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Codons are sequences of three nucleotides on mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids.

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What are anticodons?

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Anticodons are sequences of three nucleotides on tRNA that are complementary to the codons on mRNA.

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What is transcription?

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Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.

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What is translation?

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Translation is the process of decoding mRNA to synthesize a polypeptide chain (protein) at the ribosome.

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What is the significance of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

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Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, facilitating the assembly of amino acids into proteins.

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What is RNA processing?

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RNA processing involves modifications to the pre-mRNA, including splicing, capping, and polyadenylation, before it becomes mature mRNA.

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What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

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DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar.