M4: Sources of Law

Which of the following is NOT a source of law in its formal meaning?

• Constitution

• Political debate

• Statutes

• International agreements

What does the principle "lex retro non agit" signify?

• Laws can only operate in the future.

• Laws have immediate effect upon passing.

• Laws cannot have retroactive effect.

• Laws are enforced retroactively by courts.

Which part of a legal act typically outlines its underlying values and objectives?

• Heading

• Merits

• Preamble

• Temporary provisions

What is the hierarchy of law in Poland, starting from the highest?

• Constitution → EU Law → Local Law

• EU Law → Constitution → Statutes

• Constitution → EU Law → Statutes

• Statutes → Constitution → Local Law

Which of the following describes the "sui generis" nature of the European Union?

• A traditional intergovernmental organization

• A unique entity combining supranational and intergovernmental elements

• A standard federal state

• A purely economic partnership

Customary law is a subordinate source of law in Poland.

• True

• False

International agreements ratified without prior consent granted by statute have the same authority as statutes.

• True

• False

Soft law, such as guidelines and resolutions, is legally binding in the European Union.

• True

• False

Local law in Poland can only apply within its designated territorial scope.

• True

• False

The European Court of Justice case law is considered part of the EU’s acquis communautaire.

• True

• False