Protein Synthesis and Mutations

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

Front

What are the three main stages of protein synthesis?

Back

1. Transcription 2. Translation 3. Folding and post-translational modifications.

Front

What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

Back

DNA contains the genetic instructions for the synthesis of proteins.

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

The basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G).

Front

What is the complementary base pairing rule in DNA?

Back

A pairs with T, and C pairs with G.

Front

What is mRNA?

Back

Messenger RNA, a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

Front

What is translation?

Back

The process of decoding mRNA to synthesize a protein at the ribosome.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.