Study Guide Part A (Definitions)

What is the term for the smallest change in a stimulus that can be detected 50% of the time?

• Absolute threshold

• Just noticeable difference threshold

• Sensory adaptation

• Signal detection theory

Which sense is responsible for providing information about the position and movement of body parts?

• Vestibular sense

• Kinesthetic sense

• Olfactory sense

• Auditory sense

Which sense helps maintain balance and spatial orientation?

• Kinesthetic sense

• Vestibular sense

• Visual sense

• Gustatory sense

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-8

Which Gestalt principle explains our tendency to perceive objects that are close to each other as part of the same group?

• Similarity

• Proximity

• Continuity

• Closure

What type of encoding involves the processing of meaning, including the meaning of words?

• Visual encoding

• Acoustic encoding

• Semantic encoding

• Structural encoding

In Baddeley's model of working memory, which component is responsible for holding verbal and auditory information?

• Visuospatial sketchpad

• Phonological loop

• Central executive

• Episodic buffer

What phenomenon occurs when a person fails to notice a visible but unexpected object because their attention is engaged on another task?

• Change blindness

• Inattentional blindness

• Selective attention

• Divided attention

What is the term for the tendency to continue an endeavor once an investment in money, effort, or time has been made?

• Loss aversion

• Sunk-cost fallacy

• Overconfidence bias

• Anchoring effect

What is a cognitive framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information?

• Heuristic

• Schema

• Algorithm

• Prototype

In Piaget's theory, what is the process of incorporating new information into existing cognitive schemas?

• Accommodation

• Assimilation

• Equilibration

• Conservation