Richard wanted to buy a new video game. He visited three different video game stores and found one video game that he liked a lot. However, he did not buy it. Instead, he bought a digital copy of the same game at a discounted price from the game's website. Richard's shopping involvement is an example of ____.

• showrooming

• window shopping

• store checking

• webrooming

Maria sees a leather coat in a department store and purchases it immediately even though it is expensive. Before purchasing, she experiences inner tension that she may be able to purchase the same coat for a lesser price in another store. This inner tension is an example of ____.

• selective exposure

• need recognition

• subliminal perception

• cognitive dissonance

Learning to differentiate among similar products is known as ____.

• stimulus generalization

• selective distortion

• stimulus discrimination

• selective perception

Selma wants to buy a budget smartphone with good features. However, she cannot decide which one to buy. She asks her coworkers for their advice. In this scenario, Selma's buying decision is likely to be influenced by a(n) ____.

• primary membership group

• aspirational reference group

• nonaspirational reference group

• secondary membership group

A ____ is referred to as the driving force that causes a person to take action to satisfy specific needs.

• motive

• belief

• value

• norm

The ____ is the way an individual would like to be perceived.

• real self-image

• lifestyle

• personality

• ideal self-image

Which of the following is an individual fact or unique to consumers that influences their buying decisions?

• external stimulus

• social class

• subculture

• lifestyle

Stanley likes using fountain pens. When he came across a new series of fountain pens manufactured by Dilloit Pens, he eagerly bought one. The pen's appealing exterior combined with the long-established reputation of Dilloit Pens made Stanley assume that the fountain pen would be of high quality. To his disappointment, the pen smudged and bled despite using high-quality ink. In this case, Stanley purchased the pen based on ____.

• evoked set

• consumer set

• actual value

• perceived value

____ are individuals who influence consumer buying decisions and are often the most informed, plugged-in, and vocal members of society.

• Decision Makers

• Initiators

• Opinion Leaders

• Capitalists

A(n) ____ is a group of people who are considered nearly equal in status or community esteem, who regularly socialize among themselves, and who share behavioral norms.

• social class

• family

• ethnic group

• aspirational group