Intro to Cell Biology Quiz

What function does the mitochondrion perform in the cell?

• Synthesizes proteins

• Converts solar energy into chemical energy

• Provides the cell with energy by synthesizing ATP

• Stores genetic information

• Transports molecules within the cell

Which of the following statements correctly describes the structure of a prokaryotic cell?

• Prokaryotes have organized mitochondria that perform respiration

• Their genetic material is not divided into chromosomes and is found in the nucleus

• Prokaryotes have a single circular DNA molecule located in an area called the nucleoid

• Prokaryotes contain membrane-bound organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus

• All prokaryotes have a cell wall made entirely of cellulose

What is the main role of the Krebs cycle in the cell?

• Synthesis of glycogen

• Conversion of chemical energy from carbohydrates into ATP molecules

• Breakdown of proteins into amino acids

• Detoxification of metabolic waste products

• Synthesis of amino acids and nucleotides

What role does the Golgi apparatus play in the cell?

• Synthesizes ATP

• Modifies and transports proteins and lipids

• Stores genetic information

• Participates in cell division

• Handles the recycling of cell waste

What process occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), depending on its type?

• Synthesis of proteins and lipids (smooth ER) and protein modification (rough ER)

• Synthesis of ATP for the cell

• Participation in cell division

• Degradation of toxins and protein breakdown

• Formation and transport of vesicles

Which type of bond between molecules is responsible for the formation of the double helix structure of DNA?

• Ionic bonds

• Covalent bonds

• Hydrogen bonds

• Disulfide bonds

• Phosphodiester bonds

Why are cell membranes, composed of phospholipids, semipermeable?

• Due to the hydrophilic heads that allow all molecules to pass

• Because phospholipids form a continuous film that prevents molecules from passing

• Due to the hydrophobic tails of phospholipids, which create a barrier for water-soluble substances

• Due to the presence of ion channels that only allow charged molecules to pass

• Because the membrane is coated with carbohydrates that block molecule permeability

Which of the following statements about cell division (mitosis) is incorrect?

• In mitosis, chromosome duplication occurs

• During mitosis, sister chromatids are separated into opposite poles of the cell

• Mitosis includes stages such as interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

• Mitosis results in the formation of two daughter cells with a complete set of chromosomes

• Mitosis only occurs in germ cells

What effect does an increase in calcium concentration in the cytoplasm have on the cell?

• It initiates apoptosis (programmed cell death)

• It activates the synthesis of proteins necessary for cell regeneration

• It decreases the permeability of the cell membrane

• It inhibits the functioning of mitochondria and decreases ATP production

• It participates in the activation of phagocytosis and cell signaling

Which molecules play a key role in regulating the cell cycle and controlling the transitions between its phases?

• Kinases and cyclins

• Transport molecules and membrane proteins

• Hormones and antigen molecules

• Ribosomes and tRNA

• Mitochondria and peroxisomes