What is the formal charge and how is it calculated?
AP Chemistry Unit 2 Review

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Chemistry
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11th - 12th Grade
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Hard
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1.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
Back
The formal charge is a theoretical charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, calculated using the formula: Formal Charge = (Valence Electrons) - (Non-bonding Electrons) - (1/2 Bonding Electrons).
2.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is the significance of bond length in molecules?
Back
Bond length is the distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms. Shorter bond lengths generally indicate stronger bonds due to greater overlap of atomic orbitals.
3.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is the molecular geometry of a molecule and how is it determined?
Back
Molecular geometry refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule, determined by the number of bonding pairs and lone pairs of electrons around the central atom.
4.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is the bond angle in a tetrahedral molecular geometry?
Back
The bond angle in a tetrahedral molecular geometry is approximately 109.5°.
5.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What factors influence lattice energy in ionic compounds?
Back
Lattice energy is influenced by the charges of the ions and the distance between them; higher charges and smaller distances result in greater lattice energy.
6.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?
Back
Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in charged ions, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.
7.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
How does electronegativity affect bond polarity?
Back
Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons. A difference in electronegativity between two atoms leads to bond polarity, with the more electronegative atom attracting the shared electrons more strongly.
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