What is the key bacterial toxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)?

• Alpha-toxin

• Delta-toxin

• Beta-toxin

• Gamma-toxin

Which organism was Bacillus thuringiensis originally isolated from in Japan in 1901?

• Mediterranean flour moth larvae

• Dead silkworm larvae

• Corn pests

• Potato beetles

What German scientist named Bacillus thuringiensis after isolating it from flour moth larvae?

• Shigeta Ishiwata

• Ernst Berliner

• Gregor Mendel

• Louis Pasteur

How does Bt toxin affect susceptible insects?

• Attacks the nervous system

• Blocks the digestive system, starving the insect

• Dehydrates the insect

• Weakens the exoskeleton

Which gene in Bt produces the insecticidal protein?

• Cry gene

• Plasmid gene

• Agrobacterium gene

• Delta gene

What bacterium is used to insert the Cry gene into crop genomes?

• Escherichia coli

• Bacillus subtilis

• Agrobacterium tumefaciens

• Clostridium botulinum

What crops have been genetically modified with Bt since 1996?

• Rice, wheat, soybeans, and maize

• Maize, potato, cotton, and soybean

• Barley, wheat, rice, and tomato

• Potato, rice, barley, and wheat

Which of the following is a benefit of cultivating GM crops?

• Increased herbicide usage

• Decreased crop yields

• Reduced use of pesticides and herbicides

• Lower nutritional value

What is one major concern associated with the introduction of GMOs into the environment?

• Increased biodiversity

• Gene transfer to wild relatives

• Reduced competition between species

• Enhanced crop taste

What potential health risk is associated with GMOs?

• Increased population of beneficial gut microorganisms

• Alteration of the body's microorganism balance and allergenicity

• Reduced production of toxins

• Strengthened immune response