When (a)   spontaneously changes during DNA replication, it is called a (b)   . Sometimes, these mutations are (c)   . If the mutation is minor enough, it does not even change the function of the (d)   nor the appearance of the (e)   . These types of mutations are impossible to detect.

• DNA
• mutation
• harmless
• cells
• organism

Detectable mutations often produce alternative traits in organisms. Sometimes, these traits are beneficial to the organism. For example, a mutation may appear that gives a (a)   stronger (b)   . This mountain lion would be more successful when (c)   than others, and thus, it would be more likely to (d)   .

• mountain lion
• claws
• hunting
• survive

Mutations can also be harmful to organisms. An example of this type of mutation is the one that causes (a)   . This mutation causes (b)   produced by the body to be thick and sticky, interfering with (c)   and the function of the (d)   .

• cystic fibrosis
• mucus
• digestion
• lungs

How do insertion mutations occur?

• A nucleotide is removed from the DNA sequence

• Extra nucleotide is added to the DNA sequence

• Mutations occur due to environmental factors

• Insertion mutations are caused by a change in protein structure

What is the impact of deletion mutations on the DNA sequence?

• Deletion mutations always result in the production of a functional protein

• Deletion mutations only affect a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence

• Deletion mutations have no impact on the DNA sequence

• Deletion mutations can cause a frameshift in the DNA sequence, leading to the production of a non-functional or altered protein.

Describe the significance of silent mutations.

• Silent mutations are significant because they can occur in non-coding regions of the DNA and still have an impact on gene regulation and expression.

• Silent mutations have no impact on gene regulation and expression

• Silent mutations always result in a non-functional protein

• Silent mutations only occur in coding regions of the DNA

A change in a gene, group of genes or chromosome that results in a change in the proteins

• Replication

• Mutations

• Translation

• Transcription

One nucleotide base is changed so only one amino acid

is affected

• Substitution Mutation

• Point Mutation

• Translocation

• Inverse Mutation

A point mutation where one nucleotide base replaces an original nucleotide base

• Inversion Mutation

• Chromosomal Mutation

• Translocation

• Substitution Mutation

A substitution mutation that has no effect

on amino acids sequence

• Insertion Mutation

• Translocation

• Silent Mutation

• Deletion Mutation