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What is Earth's history?

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Earth's history refers to the geological and biological changes that have occurred on Earth over billions of years, including the formation of the planet, the development of life, and major events like mass extinctions.

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What are fossils?

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Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms, often found in sedimentary rock, that provide evidence of past life and environments.

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What does the geologic column represent?

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The geologic column is a chronological arrangement of rock layers that shows the sequence of geological events and the relative ages of the fossils contained within them.

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How do scientists determine the age of fossils?

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Scientists use methods like radiometric dating, which measures the decay of radioactive isotopes, and relative dating, which compares the position of fossils in rock layers.

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What is the significance of marine fossils found in mountains?

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The presence of marine fossils in mountains indicates that those areas were once underwater, providing evidence of geological changes such as uplift and plate tectonics.

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What does the theory of plate tectonics explain?

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The theory of plate tectonics explains how the Earth's lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that move over the semi-fluid asthenosphere, causing earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountains.

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What is an ancestor in evolutionary biology?

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An ancestor is a species from which another species has evolved, often identified through fossil evidence and comparative anatomy.

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What does it mean when we say species have changed over time?

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It means that species undergo gradual changes in their physical and genetic traits through processes like natural selection and adaptation to their environments.

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What evidence do scientists use to study Earth's history?

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Scientists use fossils, rock layers, radiometric dating, and geological formations to study Earth's history and understand the changes that have occurred over time.

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What is a mass extinction event?

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A mass extinction event is a rapid and widespread decrease in biodiversity on Earth, often caused by catastrophic events like asteroid impacts or volcanic eruptions.

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