¿Los virus están vivos?

Viruses are ubiquitous, affecting various organisms and even integrating into human DNA. They infect host cells by releasing genetic material, using the cell's machinery to replicate. Viral DNA can integrate into human DNA, potentially being inherited. The origins of viruses are debated, with theories suggesting they predate single-celled organisms. Viruses have significantly impacted human history, notably in epidemics. The debate on whether viruses are alive centers on their lack of metabolism and independent reproduction. Viroids and prions, similar entities, also pose unique challenges. Despite their dangers, viruses have beneficial applications in medicine and agriculture.

What is the primary function of proteins on the surface of a virus?

• To provide energy for the virus

• To help the virus move

• To bind to receptors on host cells

• To protect the virus from the immune system

How can viral DNA become part of our genetic material?

• By causing mutations in our DNA

• By integrating into our cells without causing mutations

• By replacing our DNA entirely

• By being inherited directly from our parents

Which theory suggests that viruses originated from DNA sequences that escaped from a cell?

• The common ancestor theory

• The single-celled organism theory

• The escaped gene theory

• The parasitic relationship theory

What was a significant factor in the success of European conquests according to Jared Diamond?

• Stronger political systems

• Advanced weaponry

• Immunity to certain viruses

• Superior navigation skills

Why is there a debate about whether viruses are considered living?

• They respond to stimuli

• They can evolve but need a host to reproduce

• They have a metabolism

• They can reproduce independently

What are prions and how do they affect organisms?

• They are bacteria that cause infections

• They are proteins that can cause nervous tissue degeneration

• They are viruses that infect plants

• They are fungi that affect the immune system

How are viruses used in gene therapy?

• To prevent gene expression

• To destroy healthy cells

• To carry and replace defective genes

• To cause mutations in genes