Sultana Raziya of Delhi - The Woman who ruled the Mamluk Sultanate

Razia of Delhi was the first and only female ruler of the Mamluk Sultanate, reigning from 1236 to 1240. Her father, Iltutmish, a former slave, chose her over her brothers due to her merits. Despite initial resistance, Razia ascended the throne, ruling independently and effectively. Her reign was marked by her public appearances in men's attire and her efforts to address grievances. However, her rule faced opposition, partly due to her relationship with an Ethiopian slave and traditionalist views against female leadership. Razia was eventually overthrown and met a tragic end.

What made Razia Sultan's reign extraordinary in the context of her time?

• She was the first female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate.

• She was the first ruler to abolish taxes.

• She was the first ruler to establish a university.

• She was the first ruler to conquer Europe.

How did Iltutmish rise to power in India?

• He inherited the throne from his father.

• He rose from being a slave to a Sultan through his merits.

• He was elected by the people.

• He was born into a royal family.

What was one of the reasons Islam appealed to the lower castes in Hindu society?

• It promised wealth and prosperity.

• It was an egalitarian religion that broke down class structures.

• It offered free education to all.

• It allowed for multiple marriages.

What significant action did Iltutmish take during his reign?

• He built the Taj Mahal.

• He expanded his territories and put down revolts.

• He established the first university in India.

• He abolished the caste system.

Why did Iltutmish choose Razia as his successor?

• She was married to a powerful noble.

• She was the eldest child.

• She had experience in politics and governance.

• She was the only child.

How did Razia Sultan regain her throne after being deposed?

• She bribed the army commanders.

• She sought help from foreign allies.

• She appealed to the people of Delhi for support.

• She married a powerful noble.

What was one of Razia Sultan's policies as a ruler?

• She restricted trade with neighboring regions.

• She imposed heavy taxes on the poor.

• She appeared in public unveiled and dressed in men's clothes.

• She banned all public gatherings.

What led to the rebellion against Razia Sultan?

• Her decision to abolish taxes.

• Her alliance with foreign powers.

• Her refusal to expand the empire.

• Her decision to marry a lowly Ethiopian slave.

What was the outcome of Razia Sultan's final battle?

• She fled to a neighboring kingdom.

• She was captured and later killed.

• She successfully defended her throne.

• She negotiated a peace treaty.

How is Razia Sultan remembered in the region where she was buried?

• As a tyrant who oppressed her people.

• As a saint with a dome built over her burial place.

• As a forgotten ruler with no legacy.

• As a conqueror who expanded the empire.