Principle of Immunisation

The video tutorial explains the concepts of immunity and immune response, detailing how the body defends against pathogens through the production of antibodies and memory cells. It distinguishes between natural and artificial immunity, highlighting the role of vaccines in preventing diseases without causing illness. The tutorial also covers the history of vaccination, starting with Edward Jenner's smallpox vaccine, and discusses the availability of vaccines for various diseases, including combined vaccines like DPT. It concludes with an overview of immunization schedules for children.

What is the role of antigens in the immune system?

• They are foreign molecules that trigger an immune response.

• They are the body's defense cells.

• They are a type of antibody.

• They are a type of white blood cell.

How do antibodies help in fighting pathogens?

• By transforming into white blood cells.

• By directly attacking the body's cells.

• By binding to pathogens and signaling other immune cells.

• By producing more antigens.

What is the primary function of memory cells in the immune system?

• To destroy all types of pathogens.

• To remember specific pathogens for faster response in future.

• To produce more antigens.

• To convert into plasma cells.

Why might natural immunity not be sufficient for some diseases?

• It can lead to permanent immunity.

• It develops too quickly.

• It takes time to develop, during which the person can suffer.

• It always requires medical intervention.

How do vaccines contribute to immunity?

• By causing the disease in a mild form.

• By using dead or weakened pathogens to stimulate an immune response.

• By eliminating the need for antibodies.

• By introducing live pathogens into the body.

What is the difference between vaccination and immunization?

• Vaccination is the administration of vaccines, while immunization is the immunity developed as a result.

• Vaccination and immunization are the same.

• Vaccination is the process of developing immunity, while immunization is the administration of vaccines.

• Vaccination is only for children, while immunization is for adults.

Who pioneered the first vaccine and for which disease?

• Louis Pasteur for rabies.

• Robert Koch for tuberculosis.

• Alexander Fleming for penicillin.

• Edward Jenner for smallpox.