Spontaneity

The video tutorial explores the first law of thermodynamics, focusing on the concepts of enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy in relation to spontaneous reactions. It explains how enthalpy and entropy contribute to the spontaneity of reactions, with examples of exothermic and endothermic processes. The tutorial introduces Gibbs energy as a key factor in determining reaction spontaneity, especially in non-isolated systems, and discusses the conditions under which reactions are spontaneous or non-spontaneous.

What does the first law of thermodynamics tell us about?

• The heat absorbed and work done by the system

• The direction of heat flow

• The rate of chemical reactions

• The spontaneity of reactions

Which of the following is true about spontaneous reactions?

• They always occur rapidly

• They require an external agency to proceed

• They can reverse direction on their own

• They proceed without external influence

What is a key factor in determining the spontaneity of a reaction?

• Decrease in enthalpy

• Increase in temperature

• Increase in volume

• Decrease in pressure

What does entropy measure in a system?

• The energy content

• The degree of randomness or disorder

• The pressure

• The temperature

In an isolated system, what tends to increase over time?

• Volume

• Entropy

• Pressure

• Enthalpy

What is Gibbs energy a combination of?

• Temperature and pressure

• Enthalpy and entropy

• Volume and entropy

• Pressure and volume

What does a negative Gibbs energy indicate about a reaction?

• The reaction is endothermic

• The reaction is nonspontaneous

• The reaction is at equilibrium

• The reaction is spontaneous

How does temperature affect the spontaneity of an endothermic reaction?

• Higher temperature favors spontaneity

• Lower temperature favors spontaneity

• Spontaneity is independent of temperature

• Temperature has no effect

What is the criterion for equilibrium in a reversible reaction?

• Delta G is positive

• Delta G is zero

• Delta G is negative

• Delta G is undefined

What does a large equilibrium constant indicate about a reaction?

• The reaction goes near completion

• The reaction is exothermic

• The reaction is endothermic

• The reaction does not proceed