The Laws of Thermodynamics, Entropy, and Gibbs Free Energy

What does the first law of thermodynamics primarily state?

• Energy can be created and destroyed.

• Energy is always increasing in the universe.

• Energy is conserved and only changes forms.

• Energy flows from cold to hot spontaneously.

How is entropy best described in the context of the second law of thermodynamics?

• A measure of chemical reactions.

• A measure of disorder or randomness.

• A measure of energy itself.

• A measure of temperature change.

According to the third law of thermodynamics, what is the entropy of a perfectly crystalline solid at absolute zero?

• Negative

• Infinite

• Zero

• One

What does Gibbs free energy tell us about a process?

• The speed of the process.

• The energy required for the process.

• Whether the process is spontaneous.

• The temperature at which the process occurs.

Which of the following conditions makes a process more likely to be spontaneous at higher temperatures?

• Endothermic and entropically favorable

• Exothermic and entropically unfavorable

• Exothermic and entropically favorable

• Endothermic and entropically unfavorable

How do soap molecules help in cleaning non-polar dirt?

• By decreasing the entropy of the system.

• By forming micelles that trap the dirt.

• By dissolving the dirt directly.

• By increasing the temperature of the water.

What is the role of polar heads in soap molecules?

• To attract non-polar dirt.

• To decrease the energy of the system.

• To repel water molecules.

• To maximize interactions with water.