Inductive Effect: The Hidden Forces in Molecules

The video tutorial explains that all bonds are covalent and discusses electronic effects that alter electron distribution, leading to special molecular properties. It focuses on the inductive effect, where atoms induce polarity in neighboring bonds, using ethyl chloride as an example. The inductive effect is a permanent effect that can be classified as electron-withdrawing or electron-donating.

Which of the following is NOT classified as an electronic effect?

• Inductive effect

• Resonance effect

• Hyperconjugation

• Ionic effect

What is the primary cause of the inductive effect in molecules?

• Presence of ionic bonds

• Difference in electronegativity between atoms

• High temperature conditions

• Presence of free radicals

In the context of inductive effect, what happens to the charge along a carbon chain?

• It becomes fully negative

• It is partially transmitted

• It becomes fully positive

• It remains neutral

In ethyl chloride, which atom withdraws electrons due to its higher electronegativity?

• Chlorine

• Oxygen

• Hydrogen

• Carbon

How is the inductive effect classified based on electron movement?

• Positive and negative inductive effect

• Electron-withdrawing and electron-donating effect

• Sigma and pi effect

• Polar and non-polar effect