The following are categorized as traditional ceramics except for:

• Clay

• Hydroxyapatite

• Sand

• Carbon nanotubes

• Feldspar

Two (2) characteristics of the component ions in crystalline ceramic materials that influence their crystal structure are:

• Relative ionic size (cations and anions)

• Porosity

• Magnitude of the electrical charge on each of the component ions

• Defects

• Opacity

Select stable ceramic crystal structures:

*Red circles represent anions; blue circles denote cations.

• 
• 
• 

This figure represents the structure of:

• Calcium fluoride

• Graphite

• Silica

• Fullerenes

• Sodium chloride

Identify the glass forming process for this figure.

• Blowing

• Drawing

• Pressing

• Drawing

When a ceramic material is cooled from an elevated temperature, internal stresses called __________ may be introduced as a result of the difference in cooling rate and thermal contraction between the surface and interior regions.

The strength of a glass piece may be enhanced by intentionally inducing _____________________.

How many major steps in thermal tempering?

• 3

• 4

• 5

• 1

Explain all the steps in thermal tempering.

Identify residual stress over the cross section of a tempered glass plate at A and B.

• A: tension and B: compression

• A : compression and B: tension

• A : shear and B: bending

• A : compression and B: shear

• A: tension and B: torsional