Module 3.7a Quiz

Which of the following is the best example of learning?

• A dog salivates when food is placed in its mouth.

• A honeybee stings when the hive is threatened.

• A child cries when his brother hits him.

• A child flinches when he sees a balloon, because he is afraid of it popping.

In classical conditioning, a person learns to anticipate events by

• associating a response with its consequence.

• avoiding spontaneous recovery.

• using operant behaviors.

• associating two stimuli.

A family uses the microwave to prepare their cat’s food. The cat comes running into the room when the microwave timer sounds but not when it hears the oven timer. The cat is demonstrating the concept of

• generalization.

• discrimination.

• spontaneous recovery.

• extinction.

Courtney is the supervisor of all the cashiers at a local grocery store. When cashiers have questions, they flip on a light to signal Courtney to come assist them. Initially, Courtney walked quickly immediately upon seeing lights flash at the grocery store. Now, after seeing hundreds of lights flash over the course of a week, Courtney finds that she does not walk as quickly over to the cashiers when she sees a light. This example best illustrates the concept of

• habituation.

• spontaneous recovery.

• extinction.

• discrimination.

Every day for a week, Juliette, a 2-year-old, hears a loud honk and sees a red truck pass by her house, which leads her to cry. The next week, Juliette begins crying when she sees the red truck, even though it did not honk. The red truck never honksagain, but every so often, Juliette will cry when she sees this red truck and other red vehicles, although she never cries when seeing vehicles of other colors.

What is the red truck in this example?

• Conditioned response

• Unconditioned stimulus

• Conditioned stimulus

• Unconditioned response

Every day for a week, Juliette, a 2-year-old, hears a loud honk and sees a red truck pass by her house, which leads her to cry. The next week, Juliette begins crying when she sees the red truck, even though it did not honk. The red truck never honksagain, but every so often, Juliette will cry when she sees this red truck and other red vehicles, although she never cries when seeing vehicles of other colors.

Which of the following statements best explains why Juliette cries every so often even when the truck no longer honks?

• Juliette has become habituated to the truck.

• Juliette is experiencing spontaneous recovery.

• Extinction of Juliette’s conditioned response has occurred.

• Juliette has yet to acquire an association between the truck and the honking.

Which of the following is a reason Pavlov’s work remains so important today?

• He demonstrated that learning can be studied objectively.

• He showed that learning is a subjective process.

• He discovered that only mammals can be classically conditioned.

• He identified the neural circuits used in classical conditioning.

Dr. Bernstein classically conditioned babies to smile every time they saw a bottle full of milk. He then repeatedly showed the babies a picture of a tree before they were presented with a bottle of milk. He noticed that 98 percent of the time, babies smiled at the tree picture when it was presented alone, which was a rate that was beyond what could be expected by chance or error. Which of the following statements most accurately describes Dr. Bernstein’s results?

• The bottle of milk caused the babies to smile because Dr. Bernstein conducted an experiment.

• There was a statistically significant effect of higher-order conditioning in this study.

• Babies smiled at the tree picture, because the tree served as an unconditioned stimulus.

• The bottle of milk allowed the babies to spontaneously recover a response to the tree image.