Developmental Psychology Review

The first level of moral development where decisions are based on rewards and punishments. (Kohlberg)

• Pre-conventional

• Conventional

• Post-conventional

• Formal Operational

The second stage of cognitive development (ages 2-7) where children develop symbolic thinking but lack logical reasoning. (Piaget)

• Pre-operational

• Sensorimotor

• Concrete Operational

• Formal Operational

Inability to see things from another person's perspective, common in the pre-operational stage. (Piaget)

• Egocentric

• Animism

• Conservation

• Object Permanence

The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, developed in the sensorimotor stage. (Piaget)

• Object Permanence

• Conservation

• Symbolic Play

• Animism

The belief that abilities and intelligence can improve with effort and practice. (Dweck)

• Incremental (Growth) Mindset

• Entity (Fixed) Mindset

• Conventional

• Formal Operational

The highest level of moral development where individuals base decisions on personal principles and universal ethics. (Kohlberg)

• Post-conventional

• Pre-conventional

• Conventional

• Concrete Operational

The first stage of development (birth-2 years) where infants learn through sensory experiences and actions. (Piaget)

• Sensorimotor

• Pre-operational

• Concrete Operational

• Formal Operational

The ability to consider multiple aspects of a situation, developed in the concrete operational stage. (Piaget)

• Decentration

• Egocentric

• Animism

• Object Permanence

A stage (ages 7-11) where children think logically about concrete objects but struggle with abstract ideas. (Piaget)

• Concrete Operational

• Pre-operational

• Sensorimotor

• Formal Operational

A stage (12+ years) where individuals can think abstractly, hypothetically, and systematically. (Piaget)

• Formal Operational

• Concrete Operational

• Pre-operational

• Sensorimotor