3.1 - Learning (Memory Makers)

What is classical conditioning?

• Unconscious learning caused by the pairing and association of two stimuli

• Learning by responding to environmental stimuli

• Learning through rewards and punishments

• Learning by watching others(models) 

Who is the psychologist known for Classical Conditioning

• Ivan Pavlov
• Sigmund Freud
• Skinner
• E.L Thorndike 

Billy tells a joke at the lunch table and gets a big laugh from his friends.

• Positive Reinforcement

• Negative Reinforcement

• Positive Punishment

• Negative Punishment

1. Tony is 18 months old. He reaches up to touch the red burner on the stove and burns his hand.

• Positive Reinforcement

• Negative Reinforcement

• Positive Punishment

• Negative Punishment

What term is defined as "decreases in the frequency of a behavior when the behavior is no longer reinforced"?

• extinction (operant conditioning)

• shaping (operant conditioning)

• chaining (operant conditioning)

• negative reinforcement

What is learning by watching others, also called social learning, exemplified by Bandura's Bobo doll study?

• Classical conditioning

• Operant conditioning

• Observational learning

• Spontaneous recovery

Which psychologist is associated with the concept of Operant Conditioning?

• Ivan Pavlov

• Jean Piaget

• B.F. Skinner

• Albert Bandura

What is the term for a stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behavior by being removed after the behavior occurs?

• Negative Reinforcement

• Negative Punishment

• Positive Punishment

• Positive Reinforcement

Which of the following is an example of a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement?

• Checking your email at random times

• Receiving a bonus for every sale made

• Winning a prize after every 10th purchase

• Getting a paycheck every two weeks

If a child is behaving poorly, it is likely because this behavior has been rewarded somehow.

• Social-cultural perspective
• Behavioral perspective
• Biological perspective
• Psychodynamic perspective