Chapter 1: Issues in Language Assessment

How did behavioral psychology and structural linguistics influence language testing in the mid-20th century?

• They emphasized discrete linguistic components like grammar, vocabulary, and translation.

• They focused on real-world communication and interactive tasks.

• They prioritized formative assessment and contextual learning.

• They integrated all language skills into authentic tasks.

What are discrete-point tests, and why were they prevalent during the era of psychometric structuralism?

• Tests that measure general language proficiency using holistic tasks.

• Tests that assess real-world communication in integrated contexts.

• Tests that evaluate specific linguistic elements in isolation, valued for their objectivity and reliability.

• Tests that focus on subjective evaluation methods like essays and open-ended questions.

What is the key distinction between discrete-point testing and integrative testing?

• Discrete-point testing focuses on formative assessment, while integrative testing focuses on summative evaluation.

• Discrete-point testing evaluates isolated skills, while integrative testing measures the combined application of multiple skills.

• Discrete-point testing uses open-ended tasks, while integrative testing uses multiple-choice formats.

• Discrete-point testing is norm-referenced, while integrative testing is criterion-referenced.

Why is authenticity a critical challenge for test designers in communicative language testing?

• Test designers must prioritize cost efficiency over task realism.

• Test designers can only use standardized formats to assess communication.

• Authenticity is irrelevant to communicative language testing.

• Designing tasks that replicate genuine communication across varied contexts requires extensive validation and research.

How does task-based assessment relate to performance-based assessment?

• Task-based assessment focuses on multiple-choice tests, while performance-based assessment involves open-ended responses.

• Task-based assessment is a subset of performance-based assessment, focusing on specific communicative tasks like role plays.

• Task-based assessment emphasizes testing isolated skills, while performance-based assessment integrates multiple skills.

• Task-based assessment replaces all traditional forms of performance assessment.

Why is the use of rubrics essential in performance-based assessments?

• Rubrics ensure tests remain focused on norm-referenced scoring.

• Rubrics provide clear criteria, supporting consistency, transparency, and constructive feedback.

• Rubrics prioritize subjective evaluations over objective assessments.

• Rubrics eliminate the need for formative assessment practices.

What is the primary purpose of an achievement test?

• To evaluate whether course objectives have been met within a specific lesson, unit, or curriculum.

• To measure a student’s overall language proficiency.

• To identify a student’s strengths and weaknesses for future learning.

• • To place a student in the appropriate level of a curriculum.

Which type of test is designed to identify specific areas of weakness or focus in language learning?

• Placement Test

• Proficiency Test

• Achievement Test

• • Diagnostic Test

What is a unique feature of proficiency tests?

• They assess overall language competence, independent of a specific course or curriculum.

• They focus on specific units within a curriculum and are summative in nature.

• They diagnose language-learning disabilities in students.

• • They provide formative feedback on individual lessons.

Which type of test is typically used to assign students to the appropriate level within a language program?

• Diagnostic Test

• Placement Test

• 
  Proficiency Test

• • 
    Aptitude Test